Exam (elaborations)
PCF Exam 2 (1).
- Course
- Institution
Exam of 11 pages for the course PCF - Chapter 7 at PCF - Chapter 7 (PCF Exam 2 (1).)
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
modockochieng06
Content preview
PCF Exam 2History of fats - ANS--1918 fat is first propsoed as essential nutrient
Major Functions of lipids - ANS--energy reserves
-structural components of membranes (phospholipids)
-cell signaling
-essential fatty acids
-vitamins
-hormones (cholesterol)
-aid in digestion of lipids (biles acids)
Fat consumption trends 1999-2016 - ANS-total fat- 32 to 33%
sat fat-11.5 to 11.9%
mono fat: 12.8 to 13.1%
poly fat: 7.58 to 8.23%
types of lipids - ANS--fatty acids- used as fuel, building blocks of TAG's
-TAG's- used as storage
-phospholipids (PL's)- membrane structure
-sterols0 cholesterol, bile acids, vitamin D
-Sphingolipids- important in membrane structure
-terpenes (vitamin E, A, K)
Fatty acid structure - ANS-long chains of carbons
-carboxylic acid at one end -C attached to OH and double bonded to O
-usually even number of carbons
-short chain 2-5C
-medium chain 6-12C
-long chain 13-21C
-very long- >22C
-fatty acids are nonpolar
saturated fatty acid - ANS--no double bonds
monounsatuated fatty acid - ANS-1 double bond
polyunsaturated fatty acids - ANS-more than 1 double bond
hydrogenation - ANS--taking a catalyst like nickel or others and bubble hydrogen through and
attracts hydrogen to double bond and covert double bond to single bond and now you have
saturated fat
, -melting point increases with increasing chain length and saturation
partial hydogenation - ANS--in June 2015, FDA banned the addition of trans fat in food by
exempting partually hydrogenated oil from GRAS status
-taking cis to trans
-all trans fats look like a saturated fat
Dietary fat on serim lipoproteins - ANS--diets were given for 3 weeks, unsatuated fat, saturated
fat and trans fat- 3 weeks is long enough too see change in liporpitens levels
-trans fat lowered the good HDL even more than saturated fat did- meaning trans fat is worse
than saturated fat
fatty acid naming: delta - ANS--start at COOH end, count number of carbons, then number of
couble bonds, then triangle and put where all the double bonds are
fatty acid naming: omega - ANS--start at methyl group
-count all the carbons, then how many double bonds, then put n (where first double bond is)
stearic acid - ANS-satuated fatty acids with 18 carbons 18:0
triglycerides - ANS--the largest proportion of dietary lipids in the human diet
-composed of 3 fatty acids esterified to a glycerol molecile
-type of TAG varies based on type of fatty acid and their position on glycerol
TAG's in common food - ANS-oil olive- glycerol with 2 MUFAS and 1 other FA
-sunflower, safflower, corneal- 2 PUFA
-coconut oil- 2 SFA
-butter- its not all saturated fat like people thing
Phospholipids - ANS--importnat structural compenents of membranes
-play a key role in cell signaling- has to do with growth, muscle contractions ect.
structure of phospholipid - ANS--similar to TAG but C-3 of lgyceorl backbone is esterified to
phosphoric acid
-have polar head group and non-polar tail- mkaing them good for membrane lipids
-polar head group can be zwtterions0 has both + and - charge
-usually have one SFA and one PUFA attached
phospholipids and membranes - ANS--polar heads are on edges of the membrane where they
face water environment, the long FA tails are hydrophobic and face the inner membrane
Sphingolipids - ANS-long fatty acid chain
polar head group
backbone=amino alcohol (not glycerol)
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller modockochieng06. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $7.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
79978 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now