NFS 1020 Exam 2 Study Guide with 100% Correct Answers

• What is the physical structure of a carbohydrate (do not memorize details, just be able to explain this and define the shape of carbohydrates). What atoms make up carbohydrates? Organic compound: Made up of Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen Macronutrient: Contain Energy, Need a lot of them A primary energy (calorie) source for: Muscles, Brain, Blood Cells, Nerve Cells • What are the major classes of carbohydrates, and what are the differences between the classes? Two Major Classes: Simple Sugars & Complex Carbohydrates • What are the simple sugars and where are they found in the food supply? 6 SUGAR MOLECULES Monosaccharides- Single Sugars 1. Glucose 2. Fructose 3. Galactose Disaccharides- Double Sugars 4. Sucrose 5. Maltose 6. Lactose Found in the Monosaccharides & Disaccharides • What is the difference between a monosaccharide, a disaccharide and a polysaccharide? What are the names and major food sources of the monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides? M O N O S A C C H A R I D E S = Glucose- o Most common sugar in nature o Primary energy source Fructose- o Sweetest Sugar o Fruits, Honey o High Fructose Corn Syrup (HFCS) Galactose- o Trace amounts in animals & plants o Most often paired with glucose to form lactose. D I S A C C H A R I D E S = Sucrose- o Fructose + Glucose o White Sugar Maltose- o Glucose + Glucose o Germinating grain: Alcohol o Least Common Disaccharide Lactose- o Galactose + glucose o Dairy Products