Principal Learning CB301 Design the Built Environment: The Design Factors Mark Scheme

Question Number Answer Mark 1 (a) Low speed areas – Description of any two of the following methods: • The use of road humps to reduce the speed of vehicles on housing estate roads where pedestrian activity is high (1). The optimum location of the road humps, to avoid ‘rat runs’, not suitable for bus routes (1). • The use of road narrowing acts as a reminder/encouragement to drivers of vehicles especially HGVs to reduce their speed (1). The location of the road narrowing should not affect opposing traffic flow; the reduced carriageway can be paved and used for pedestrians or cycle lanes (1). • The use of a chicane creates a horizontal deflection/change of direction that causes vehicles to reduce speed (1). The optimum location of the chicane should consider HGVs, wide goods vehicles etc. (1). • The use of a cul-de-sac reduces traffic speed by not allowing through traffic (1). It suggests that access is only available to the vehicles that are owned by people who live in the vicinity, or are visiting (1). • The purpose of footpath widening is to improve safety for pedestrians (1). The footpath can be constructed to also accommodate a cycle lane (1). • The use of a different colour/texture of the road surface, including surface marking can define a specific use for the road e.g. cycle lane or point of potential conflict (1).Similarly rows of cobbles at the junction of a minor road can indicate to drivers that they are entering a low speed area (1). • Pedestrian crossings should be located away from conflict points i.e. busy junctions to give drivers an opportunity to slow down and brake safely (1).The optimum location for a crossing allows people to see and be seen by approaching traffic (1). • The purpose of a roundabout is to minimise delay for vehicles whilst maintaining the safe passage of all users including cyclists (1). A splitter island for pedestrians on the approach to the roundabout will further reduce traffic speed (1). • Raised junctions are full width, rectangular road humps in the centre of a crossroads forcing traffic entering from all directions to slow down (1). Optimum designs leave space round the edges for cyclists to pass freely (1). • The use of electronic speed indicator signs has the effect of causing drivers to reduce their speed as they approach the unit (1). They are considered to be effective as they are non-confrontational. Most effective when the location of the unit is regularly moved (1). • The of use of speed cameras has the effect of causing drivers to reduce their speed as they approach the unit irrespective of it being activated (1). The use of average speed cameras can be a further effective speed reduction measure (1). • The purpose of general speed signage is to improve road traffic safety and accidents from collisions (1). The signage usually defines the maximum permitted speed but can depict the minimum permitted speed (1). Any other appropriate answer. No marks for identification only 1 mark for a brief description 2 marks for a clear description (4) Question Number Answer Mark 1 (b) Rainwater harvesting – Description of any two of the following features: • To provide collection of the rainwater (1) by means of roofs, hard surfaces etc (1). • To provide filtration of the rainwater from roofs (1) first flush system to get rid of debris; permanent filter system; screens in downpipes/tank inlet to trap leaves (1). • To provide filtration of the rainwater from hard surfaces (1) gravel-sand filters at the entrance to the storage tank (1). • To provide storage of the rainwater (1) by means of surface or above ground tanks for roof collection. Subsurface/underground tanks for ground catchment systems (1). • To provide uses of the rainwater (1) to supply toilets, washing machines, car washing, garden watering etc. (1) • To provide a connection to SUDS (1) to collect water into lakes, ponds and reed beds (1). Any other appropriate answer. No marks for identification only 1 mark for a brief description 2 marks for a clear description (4) Question Number Answer Mark 2 Availability of land – Description of any three of the following ways: • The influence of the Local Authority Planning Department (1) when setting an allowable density of houses etc. per hectare (1). • The use of medium and high-rise buildings (1) that create more floor area on the same footprint (1). • The location of the land as the owner of land in the centre of a town or city may be able to achieve a higher price if used for commercial buildings. The proximity of the land to transport links/networks. (1). Low cost of the land could encourage affordable housing for key workers etc. (1). • The cost of the land may affect the feasibility of the proposed development (1). Therefore other uses for the land may have to be considered (1). • The cost of the land will vary depending upon the economic climate (1) at the time affecting the availability (1). • The effect of any easements (interest in the land by the owner) (1) restrictive covenants, rights-of-w