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better than average effect
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Esb Test 1 Questions And Answer With
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Heuristics - ANSWER✔✔ involving/serving as an aid to learning, discovery, or
problems solving by experimental and especially trial and error methods. usually
(but not always) a good way to make decisions about the world
Availability Heuristic - ANSWER✔✔ A mental shortcut for judging the likelihood of
an event occurring based on how easily we can think of similar or relevant
instances
Representativeness heuristic - ANSWER✔✔ A mental shortcut for deciding the
likelihood of an event based on how much it resembles what we consider to be a
"typical" example of that event
Better than average effect - ANSWER✔✔ The tendency to overestimate your
skills, abilities, and performance in comparison to those of others. Not
mathematically possible
Overconfidence Phenomenon - ANSWER✔✔ Tendency to be overly confident in
the correctness of our own judgements
Hindsight Bias - ANSWER✔✔ The sense that we 'knew it all along' after we learn
of an actual outcome
Confirmation Bias - ANSWER✔✔ May result when we only look for evidence that
confirms what we already believe, thereby strengthening the original belief
, Introspection - ANSWER✔✔ Reflecting on our own thoughts and experiences to
find relevant evidence
What You See is All There is Phenomenon - ANSWER✔✔ A failure to see the
limitations of our immediate experience, making it difficult to predict alternative
outcomes; the inability to predict alternative outcomes based on what we are
seeing
Problem of Belief Perseverance - ANSWER✔✔ Continuing to believe what you
want to despite all contrary evidence, unwillingness to accept any new
conclusions
Anecdotal Evidence - ANSWER✔✔ Derived from personal experience (yours or
someone else's)
Scientific Evidence - ANSWER✔✔ Derived from the use of the scientific method
Law of Small Numbers - ANSWER✔✔ Extreme outcomes are more likely when
considering only a small number of cases
Outliers - ANSWER✔✔ Case that is distinct from the majority of other cases; an
oddball, often we too quickly generalize these unusual cases to the world at large
Scientific Method - ANSWER✔✔ Gives us guidelines for more objective
assessments, looks at the big picture rather than anecdotal evidence, removes
any emotional connections/stereotypes when performed correctly
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