What is the general formula for a carbohydrate? - Correct Answers: Cx(H2O)y
How do you determine the number of stereoisomers for a given carbohydrate? - Correct Answers: 2^n where n= number of stereocenters
Distinguish between the D and L designations for carbohydrates. - Correct Answers...
, What is the general formula for a carbohydrate? - Correct Answers: Cx(H2O)y
How do you determine the number of stereoisomers for a given carbohydrate? - Correct Answers: 2^n
where n= number of stereocenters
Distinguish between the D and L designations for carbohydrates. - Correct Answers: In the L form the
hydroxy group is on the bottom left closest to the CH2OH group in the frame of a Fischer projection
In the D form the OH is on the bottom right
What are anomers? - Correct Answers: Diastereomers formed by the cyclization of carbohydrates (*note
they have different configurations at the new stereocenter-this is what makes them diastereomers)
Distinguish between alpha and beta anomers. - Correct Answers: beta anomers have the OH belonging
to the hemiacetal carbon equatorial
alpha anomers have the OH belonging to the hemiacetal carbon axial
What is the definition of mutarotation? - Correct Answers: the process for which alpha and beta
anomers come to equilibrium (aqueous) in a specific ratio. It is the same ratio is observed when you
start with the alpha anomer in water versus the beta anomer in water
What agent is most often used for complete oxidation of a carbohydrate? - Correct Answers: HNO3
What kind of agents are used for selective or partial oxidation of carbohydrates? - Correct Answers:
most commonly Br or some other MILD oxidative agent
What are reducing sugars? - Correct Answers: Carbohydrates that yield positive results of the oxidative
tests, because in being oxidized they reduce the metal ion (or other reducing agent)
Carbohydrates undergo reactions similar to which functional group? - Correct Answers: OH (hemiacetals
and acetals)
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller assignmenthandlers. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $12.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
