FOUNDATIONS OF NEUROSCIENCE: ATTENTION AND MEMORY QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTI ONS 2024 what is attention? - ANSWER the process of selectivity processing one aspect or feature of the environment while ignoring others what are the different types of attention? - ANSWER overt, covert, voluntary, endogenous, "top down", involuntary, exogenous, "bottom up", spatial, feature what is important about top down attention? - ANSWER the amount of time required to find a target increases linearly as the # of items increases; relies on neural processing in frontal lobe and parietal lobe; voluntary what is important about bottom up attention? - ANSWER "pop out" --> automatic attention grabbers within environments that have competing distracters what is important about spatial attention? - ANSWER directing attention to different spatial locations; has brain mechanisms --> neuronal consequences of directing voluntary spatial attention toward a neuron's receptive field; attentional modulation why is PFC (prefrontal cortex) important? - ANSWER plays leading role in attention; expanded in most primate; functions by control of behavior, long term planning, task performance, cognitive or executive functions; top down attention what is stroop task? - ANSWER ability to attend to the relevant feature dimension while ignoring irrelevant feature how is PFC related to attention? - ANSWER top down attention and stroop task what is memory? - ANSWER immediate, working, and long term memory; subject to forgetting, uses different mechanisms; memory is not a unitary faculty; declarative vs non declarative memory (not dependent on awareness)
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