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NUR600 Week 4 Exam Questions And Complete Answers
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NUR600 Week 4 Exam Questions And Complete Answers Definition of incidence proportion - Answer - Is the proport ion of an initially disease free population that develops disease, becomes injured, or dies durin g a specified (usually limited) period of time • Synonyms; attack rate, risk, probability of getting disease, and cumulat ive incidence Properties and uses of incidence proportions - Answer - Includes o nly new cases of disease in the numerator - The denominator is the number of persons in the population at the start of the observation period - Because all of the persons with new cases of disease (numerator) are also represented in the denominator, a risk is also a proportion - Good for an outbreak or epidemic or something over a shorter duration Definition of incidence rate - Answer - Or person-time rate is a measure of incidence that incorporates time directly into the denominator - A person time rate is generally calculated from a long term coh ort follow up study Properties and uses of incidence rates - Answer Because person-t ime is calculated for each subject, it can accommodate persons coming into and lea ving the study - Person-time has one important drawback; assumes that the probability of disease during the study period is constant • So that 10 per sons followed for one year equals one person follow for 10 years • Risk of many chronic disease increase with age, assumption is not va lid - Long-term cohort studies of the type described are not ver y common - Incident rate use , epidemiologist might understand, but oth ers will not; epidemiologic jargon • It also conveys the sense of the incidence rate as a dynamic p rocess, the speed at which new cases of disease occur in the population Definition of prevalence - Answer - Referred to as prevalence ra te, is the proportion of persons in a population who have a particular disease or attrib ute at a specified point in time or over a specified period of time How does prevalence differ from incidence? - Answer - Prevalence differs from incidence in that prevalence includes All cases, both new and pr e-existing, in the population at the specified time, • Whereas incidence is limited to new cases only Properties and uses of prevalence - Answer - Prevalence refe rs to proportion of persons who have a condition at or during a particular time period • Whereas incidence refers to the proportion or rate of perso ns who develop a condition during a particular time period - The numerator for prevalence includes all persons ill from a specif ied cause during the specified interval regardless of when the illness began. Includes not only new cases, but also pre-existing cases representing persons who remained ill during some portion of the specified interval Mortality rate - Answer - Is a measure of the frequency of oc currence of death in a defined population during a specified interval Crude mortality rate (crude death rate) - Answer Is the mortality rat e from all causes of death for a population Cause-specific mortality rate : - Answer is the mortality rate from a spe cified cause for a population Age-Specific mortality rate: - Answer is a mortality rate limited to a particular age group Infant mortality rate: - Answer used measure for comparing health status among nations Attack Rate - Answer - Defined as the number of people expose d to a suspect food who became ill, divided by the number of people who were exposed to t hat food • Does not explicitly specify the timer interval because for many food -borne disease outbreaks we know that most cases occur within a few hours or a few days after the exposure Mortality Rates - Answer - the frequency of occurrence of d eath in a defined population during a specified interval. Often mortality rates are expressed a s in terms of impact in relation to 1,000 people or 100,000 people Case Fatality Rate (CFR) - Answer a measure that identifies the pro portion of people who have a disease and die from the disease. Case fatality rate can explain the likelihood that the disease is fatal, but does not take into accou nt the time from disease onset until death Number of women in Framingham Study who have died through last year from heart disease/The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
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