TEST BANK FOR PCCN LATEST UPDATE ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH A STUDY GUIDE FROM A VERIFIED SOURCE | ALREADY GRADED A+ Diabetes Ketoacidosis Pathophysiology - ANSWER -- Too much glucose & too little insulin . - Body compensates w/ osmotic diuresis - Leads the the 3Ps (Polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia) & glycourisa, dehydration & electrolyte imbalance. - Leads to fat burning metabolism - ketone release - kussmaul breathing diabetes ketoacidosis s/s - ANSWER -Neuro: Lethargic, confused, decreased DTR, n/v Cardio: Tachycardia & Hypotension Pulmonary: Fruity breath & kussmaul breathing 3Ps (Polyuria, polyphagia, polydipsia diabetes ketoacidosis labs - ANSWER -PH (acidotic - Increased ketones) Urine Glucose Blood Glucose 300 - 800 Decrease HCO3 Decrease Na Elevated K Increased Anion Gap Diabetes Ketoacidosis Treatment - ANSWER --Hospitalization -Correction of fluid (isotonic sol/hypotonic) and electrolyte balances -Administer insulin Diabetes Insipidus (Sip) - ANSWER -antidiuretic hormone is not secreted adequately, or the kidney is resistant to its effect Diabetes insipi dus labs - ANSWER -1. hypernatremia 2. elevated BUN/Cr 3. increased serum osmo >295 4. decreased urine osmo < 200 5. decreased urine specific gravity < 1.005 6. Decreased ADH 7. Polydipsia diabetes insipidus treatment - ANSWER -Desmopressin (vasopressin); hydrochlorothiazide, hypotonic sol. syndrome of inappropriate (increased) ADH (SIADH) - ANSWER -excessive secretion of antidiuretic hormone producing water retention in the body SIADH Labs - ANSWER -Urine chemistry: Think CONCENTRATED. ● Increased urine so dium ●Increased urine osmolarity ●Increased Urine Specific Gravity > 1.030 ● As urine volume decreases, urine osmolarity increases. (decreased UOP)
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