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volledige uitgeschreven samenvatting 2024 orgaananatomie

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De cursus van orgaananatomie is nogal beknopt en is moeilijk te snappen als je het voor het eerst bekijkt. vandaar in deze samenvatting is alles uitgetypt en makkelijk te begrijpen. in de samenvatting zelf zijn er geen afbeeldingen terug te vinden daarom is er een uitgebreide bijlagen die allemaal ...

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  • August 1, 2024
  • 104
  • 2023/2024
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Samenvatting orgaananatomie

Anatomische begrippen ................................................................................................................................... 3

Diersoorten....................................................................................................................................................... 3

Lichaamstreken ............................................................................................................................................... 3

Ligging en richting ......................................................................................................................................... 3

Het spijsverteringsstelsel.................................................................................................................................. 3

Inleiding ............................................................................................................................................................. 4

Algemene tekening.................................................................................................................................... 4

In de buikholte ontstaat ........................................................................................................................... 4

Algemene bespreking ................................................................................................................................... 4

Het begint bij de mondholte; zie tekening 5 ..................................................................................... 4

Slokdarm ....................................................................................................................................................... 7

Maag/ventriculus/gaster.......................................................................................................................... 8

Lever (hepar) ................................................................................................................................................ 8

De alvleesklier/pancreas......................................................................................................................... 10

Milt (lien) ..................................................................................................................................................... 10

Darmen (intestinum) ............................................................................................................................... 10

Het maag-darmstelsel van het paard ..................................................................................................... 12

Maag ............................................................................................................................................................ 12

De darmen .................................................................................................................................................. 12

Jejunum ....................................................................................................................................................... 13

Ileum ............................................................................................................................................................. 13

Dikke darm ................................................................................................................................................. 13

Colon ............................................................................................................................................................ 14

Rectum ......................................................................................................................................................... 15

De lever ........................................................................................................................................................ 16

pancreas  zie algemene bespreking ............................................................................................... 16


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, milt ................................................................................................................................................................ 16

het maag-darmstelsel van rund en kleine herkauwers ..................................................................... 17

voormagencomlex of proventriculus ................................................................................................. 17

pens .............................................................................................................................................................. 17

netmaag= reticulum ................................................................................................................................ 18

boekmaag (omasum) .............................................................................................................................. 19

echte kliermaag (ventriculus) = lebmaag of omasum .................................................................. 19

Darmen ........................................................................................................................................................ 20

Lever ............................................................................................................................................................. 21

Pancreas ...................................................................................................................................................... 22

milt ................................................................................................................................................................ 22

het maag-darmstelsel van een varken ................................................................................................... 22

maag ............................................................................................................................................................. 22

de darmen .................................................................................................................................................. 23

lever .............................................................................................................................................................. 24

Pancreas  zie algemene bespreking ............................................................................................... 24

Milt ................................................................................................................................................................ 24

Maag- darmstelsel van de hond .............................................................................................................. 24

Maag ............................................................................................................................................................ 24

Darmen ........................................................................................................................................................ 24

Lever ............................................................................................................................................................. 25

Pancreas: zie algemene bespreking .................................................................................................... 25

Milt ................................................................................................................................................................ 25

Het ademhalingstelsel..................................................................................................................................... 25

Neusgaten ...................................................................................................................................................... 26

Neusholte ........................................................................................................................................................ 26

Paranasale sinussen ..................................................................................................................................... 26


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, Larynx (tekening) .......................................................................................................................................... 27

trachea ............................................................................................................................................................. 29

longen .............................................................................................................................................................. 29

het circulatiestelsel ........................................................................................................................................... 31

functie en onderverdeling ......................................................................................................................... 31

het hart ............................................................................................................................................................ 31

rechter atrium ............................................................................................................................................ 33

linker ventrikel ........................................................................................................................................... 33

rechter ventrikel ........................................................................................................................................ 33

het pericard ................................................................................................................................................ 34

lymfocentra en lymfeklieren...................................................................................................................... 34

Thymus: ....................................................................................................................................................... 34

beenmerg.................................................................................................................................................... 34

Veel gebruikte afkortingen .................................................................................................................... 34




Anatomische begrippen
Diersoorten
- Equidae: Eq

o Paard: Equus prezwalskii caballus: Eq

- Ruminantia: Ru

o Rund: Bos primigenius taurus: Bo

o Schaap: Ovis ammon aries: Ov

o Geit: capra aegragus hircus: Cap

- Suidae: Su

o Varken: sus scrofa domestica: Su

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, - Carnivora: Car

o Hond: Canis lupus familiaris: Ca

o Kat: Felis silvestris catus: Fe

Lichaamstreken: zie tekening
Er zijn 5 grote gebieden die we kunnen onderscheiden:

- De kop of caput: kunnen we verder onderverdelen in craniaalstreek en de faciaalstreek

- De hals of collum

- De romp of truncus met dorsum, pectus, pelvis en cauda

- De voorbenen/membra thoracica

- De achterbenen/membra pelvina

Verschillende regio’s

- Belangrijke regio aangeduid op tekening 1

- Niet echt kennen maar wel doorlezen: in cursus

Ligging en richting
Mediaanvlak: het verticaalvlak dat romp, staart en kop precies in 2 deelt, een longitudinale-verticale
doorsnede.
Transversaalvlak: vlak loodrecht op de lengteas van het lichaamsdeel
Frontaal vlak/ dorsaal vlak: een horizontaal vlak, evenwijdig met de rug


Er zijn nog een aantal bijhorende termen zoals: dexter, sinister, internus, externus,
profundus, superficialis, dorsaal, ventraal, craniaal, caudaal, lateraal, mediaal,
intermedius (tussen 2 bepaalde richtingen in)  zie tekening 2


het hoofd heeft soms iets andere benamingen, zo wordt het woord rostraal gebruikt
eigenlijk overeenkomt met craniaal. Caudaal, dorsaal en ventraal kan wel gebruikt
worden. Mandibularis is de onderkaak en maxillaris is de bovenkaak.


Bij de ledematen is proximaal en distaal belangrijk, proximaal wilt zeggen meer naar
de romp gelegen, en distaal dan dat het verder van de romp is afgelegen. Axiaal is
de kant die gericht is naar de as tussen de 3e en de 4e teen in. Abaxiaal is het tegen-
overgestelde en van de as weg. Aan de achtpoot wordt de benaming van de
achterkant plantair gebruikt, bij de voorpoot is dat palmair

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