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Nur350 Exam 2 Study Guide @ 2024- 2025 What is the neurotransmitter that is associated with pain, memory, and mood and is considered to have calming effects? - Answer Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)(Halter 52) What medication classification is considered the most commonly used anti-anxiety agents called? - Answer benzodiazepines.(Halter 52) Benzodiazepines effect the main neurotransmitter called: - Answer p otentiate GABA(Halter 52) Name some common benzodiazepine medications used to treat anxiet y. - Answer diazepam (Valium) clonazepam (Klonopin) alprazolam (Xanax) lorazepam (Ativan) Name the 5 benzodiazepines that are approved by the U.S. Fo od and Drug Administration for treatment of insomnia with a hypnotic (sle ep-inducing) effect. - Answer flurazepam (Dalmane) temazepam (Restoril) triazolam (Halcion) estazolam (Prosom) quazepam (Doral) Identify reasons benzodiazepines are used in medical treatment. - Answer Used as an: Anticonvulsant reduce the neuronal overexcitement of alcohol withdrawal decrease anxiety When benzodiazepines are taken with other CNS depressants such as alcohol, opiates, or tricyclic antidepressants, the inhibitory actions of the benz odiazepines can lead to what complication? - Answer Can lead to life-threatening CNS d epression. Patient teaching related to benzodiazepines are? - Answer This m edication interferes with motor ability, attention and judgment Caution running any type of machines caution with driving a care can cause ataxia can lead to falls and broken bones The action of buspirone (BuSpar) - Answer Blocks feedback inhibit ion of serotonin. This leads to the increased release of serotonin by the presynaptic cell 5-HT1 Serotonin (Halter 52) This drug reduces anxiety without having strong sedative-hypn otic properties. There is not the potential for addiction with taking this drug. It is a non-benzodiazepine - Answer buspirone (BuSpar) The antidepressant classification called selective serotonin reup take inhibitors (SSRIs) can be used to treat what anxiety disorders - Answer obsessive-co mpulsive disorder (OCD) social anxiety disorder (SAD) generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) panic disorder (PD). The antidepressant called Venlafaxine (Effexor XR) is used to trea t what antianxiety disorders? - Answer Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD),Seasonal Affective Dis order (SAD),Panic Disorder (PD) The antidepressant called Duloxetine (Cymbalta) has been appro ved by the FDA to treat what anxiety disorder? - Answer Generalized Anxiety Disorder(GAD) What is the name of the classification of medications that is co nsidered the first line of defense in most anxiety and obsessive-compulsive related disorder s? - Answe r Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) Name the two SSRI's that have a more calming effect that the oth er SSRI's - Answer Sertraline (Zoloft),Paroxetine (Paxil) The SSRI that is a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor that works well in th e treatment of several anxiety disorders is called: - Answer Venla faxine (Effexor) This classification of medications are most commonly used to treat anxiety disorders because they have a quick onset of action - Answer Benzodiazepin es Benzodiazepines should be used to treat anxiety symptoms for only sh ort periods of time due to what reason? - Answer Potential for dependence Important side effects of benzodiazepines are: - Answer Sedation , Ataxia, Decreased cognitive function. Benzodiazepines are not recommended for patients with what type o f heath concerns? - Answer A known substance abuse problem, women during pregnan cy and while breast feeding, Patient and family teaching regarding antianxiety medications include what? - Answer Patient not to change dose of the medication on own - do n ot operate mechanical equipment - do not drink alcohol - do not take other an tianxiety meds because depressant effects of both will be potentiated - Caffeine decre ases the desired effect of the antianxiety medications - meds can cause congenital birth defe cts - do not breast feed - do not stop med suddenly due to withdrawal symptoms of in somnia, irritability, nervousness, tremors, convulsions - take meds with food - do no t take at same time with antacids Important facts about Buspirone (BuSpar) - Answer Is a nonbenzo diazepine Does not cause dependence Takes 2-4 weeks to begin to reach full effects Can be used for long-term treatment Need to take schedule - every day Hydroxyzine (Vistaril, Atarax) - Answer Is an antihistamine Use d as prn to treat anxiety symptoms Is nonaddictive Used in treating anxiety in patients with substance use problems Propranolo (Inderal) - Answer Beta Blocker Blocks the nerves that stimulate the heart to beat faster Used to treat social anxiety disorder Need to take vital signs before giving each dose The first stage of the general adaptation syndrome can be char acterized as A. eustress. B. adaptive. C. maladaptive. D. psychological. - Answer Answer b Rationale The initial adaptive response of the general adaptation syndrom e prepares the individual to fight or flee in the face of acute stress. Reference: pp. 167- 168 A nurse teaches a client a technique for examining negative thou ghts and restating them in positive ways. This technique is called A. guided imagery. B. cognitive reframing. C. wishful thinking. D. confrontational assertion. - Answer Answer C Rationale Cognitive reframing calls for changing the viewpoint of a situati on and replacing it with another viewpoint that fits the facts but is less negative. Reference: pp. 177- 178 What tool might be useful in assessing the amount of stress a cli ent has experienced in the past year? A. NANDA Handbook B. DSM 5 C. Quick Mental Status Assessment D. Life-Changing Event Questionnaire - Answer Answer D Rationale This questionnaire calls for the client to review events of the pas t year and score each. This is the only tool listed that assesses stress. Reference: p. 1733 (Table 10- 3) Meditation is successful in promoting stress reduction because it A. prevents endorphin release. B. changes the client's energy field. C. quiets the sympathetic nervous system. D. activates the parasympathetic nervous system - Answer Answer C Rationale Sympathetic nervous system stimulation prepares the body for fi ght or flight in responseThe benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
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