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Full Summary of Microeconomics

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Provided in-depth, complete coverage of fundamental concepts, theories, and applications within the field of microeconomics. Here’s a detailed description of what these notes might include: ### 1. **Introduction to Microeconomics** - **Definition and Scope**: Understanding what microeconom...

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  • August 1, 2024
  • 128
  • 2023/2024
  • Summary
  • Secondary school
  • 12th Grade
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ECONOMICS 103

, Introduction
incentive a reward that encourages an action or a
penalty
that discourages an action



·



scarcity inability to satisfy all our wants ,
caused by limited

resources and unlimited human wants

choices trade-off


good tangible
service intangible


natural resources

land "gifts of nature" that we use to produce goods & services

·

labour the work time and work effort that people devote to

producing goods a services

human being quantity +
influenced by governmental a societal
laws on labour (age & gender wise (
quality


- education ,
skills ,
health , on-the-job training ,


work experience

·

As countries go richer (high-income) ,
services are much more produced

·

capital the tools , instruments ,
machines , buildings ,
and other

constructions that businesses use to produce goods & services



Entrepreneurship the human resource that organizes land ,
labour
,

and capital
"is a mindset"

, Land (landlords) earns rent

Labour (employees) earns certain upfront
Wages
,




·


Capital (banks) earns interest

Entrepreneurship (entrepreneurs) earns profit residual

"Whatever is left ,
it is yours"
positive

can be zero

negative



·



Self-Interest you make choices that are in your self-interest choices

that you think are best for you



·


Social Interest choices that are best for society as a whole are said

to be in the social interest

Social interest has z dimensions :


1
Efficiency
2
Equity


Individual Transferable Quota (ITQ) the fish in the sea



·

Fairness is subjective


a topics that generate discussions illustrating tension between

self-interest and social interest :



·> Globalization
·> Information -

age monopolies

·
> Global warming
·
> Economic instability

, ·

Globalization the expansion of international trade , borrowing and

lending and investment
,




·

Marginal benefit the benefit of doing something one more time

the benefit from pursuing an incremental increase
in an activity
·


Marginal cost the cost of doing something one more time

the opportunity cost of pursuing an incremental

increase in an activity
MB MC

Cideally (


6 key ideas in economic way of thinking :



·> a choice is a trade-off
·
people make rational choices by comparing benefits and costs

· benefit is what you gain from something
· cost is what you must give up to get something
· most choices are "how-much" choices made at the margin
· choices respond to incentives



A CHOICE IS A TRADE-OFF

places scarcity and its implication ,
choice ,
at center stage


·

MAKING A RATIONAL CHOICE

a rational choice a choice that compares costs and benefits
and achieves the benefit cost
greatest over

for the person making the choice

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