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NURS 5315 ADVANCED PATHO PHYSIOLOGY EXAM 2024 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS AGRADE
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NURS 5315 ADVANCED PATHO PHYSIOLOGY EXAM 2024 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS AGRADE
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NURS 5315 ADVANCED PATHO PHYSIOLOGY EXAM 2024 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS AGRAD E antiarrhythmic drug classes - Class 1 = Na channel blockers Class 2 = Beta blockers Class 3 = K+ channel blockers (prolongs action potential duration) Class 4 = Ca channel blockers 'No Bears Kiss Cats' Diltiazem and Verapamil: effect on myocardial contraction - negative inotropic effect decreases the strength of cardiac contraction inhibits the influx of calcium ions during membrane depolarization Clinical implications: relaxation of vascular smooth muscle with a resultant decrease in peripheral vascular resistance. Digitalis: effect on myocardial contraction - Force and velocity of myocardial contraction are increased (positive inotropic effect). inhibition of movement of sodium an d potassium ions across myocardial cell membranes by complexing with adenosine triphosphates. Clinical Implications: used to treat congestive heart failure (CHF) and heart rhythm problems (atrial arrhythmias). Digitalis can increase blood flow throughout y our body Beta Blockers: effect on myocardial contraction - decrease heart rate and dilate arteries by blocking beta receptors Decreases contractions They do this by blocking beta -adrenergic receptors Clinical Implications: used for chest pain and hypertension Dobutamine: effect on myocardial contraction - increases contraction and HR Impact on Beta 1 receptors Clinical Implications: inotropic agent for use in congestive heart failure. increases cardia c output prenatal and post -natal cardiovascular system development - 3 weeks gestation cardio genesis begins prenatal - heart sits at transverse angle w/ right ventricle dominance postnatal - heart changes to oblique angle and ventricles slowly become equ al. 1 year - heart has doubled size, increased arterial O2 tension, increased alveolar oxygenation > vasodilation > decreased PVR Cardiovascular disease - Most common cause of disease/death in the elderly #1 HTN #2 atherosclerosis Alterations in anatomy and physiology with aging - blood vessel stiffening/decreased elasticity LV hypertrophy and fibrosis > valvular heart disease Effects of aging on the physiological processes of the cardiovascular system - loss of exercise capacity decreased baroreceptor a ctivity -slows adjustment to changes in BP decreased Cardiac index decreased heart rate d/t catecholamines increased stroke volume increased afterload increased contraction @ rest Increase in Afib electrocardiogram - A recording of the electrical activity of the heart P wave represents - Atrial depolarization - Passage of impulse from SA node through atria Cardiac Blood Flow - o From body o Through: ♣ Vena cavas ♣ Right atrium ♣ Tricuspid valve ♣ Right ventricle ♣ Pulmonic valve ♣ Pulmonary artery o To lungs ♣ Pulmonary vein ♣ Left atrium ♣ Mitral valve ♣ Left ventricle ♣ Aortic valve o Back to body Cardiac Anatomy - The heart is the size of a closed fist 2/3 of the heart is to the left of the midline 1/3 under the sternum heart layers - Endocardium ( inner)The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
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