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Nursing 101 Pharmacology Notes questions and answers with correct answers garaded A+ Latest Update 2024/2025. $9.99   Add to cart
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Nursing 101 Pharmacology Notes questions and answers with correct answers garaded A+ Latest Update 2024/2025.
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Nursing 101 Pharmacology Notes questions and answers with correct answers garaded A+ Latest Update 2024/2025.

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  • August 1, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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Nursing 101 Pharmacology Notes questions and answers with correct answers garaded A+ Latest Update
2024/2025.
Mechanism of Action - Pharmacodynamics - ANSWER The physiological change caused by the medication that results in the body's response to the medication. This change alters either the chemistry of the cell environment of the cell itself. Interacts with the cell receptor site creating physiological events ending with the therapeutic effect.
Systemic effect - ANSWER Throughout the body
Local effect - ANSWER Target organ, med induced specific effect on one type of body tissue. ie
Diuretic - kidneys
Therapeutic effect - ANSWER the intended effect or action of the medication
adverse effects - ANSWER side effects; effects of a med that are not intended.
toxic effects - ANSWER serious adverse effects that maybe life threatening
allergic responses - ANSWER an antigen-antibody response
hypersensitivity reaction - ANSWER mild allergic reaction - rash, urticaria, prurtis, headache, rhinitis, N&V
Anaphylaxis - ANSWER life threatening reaction, dyspnea, wheezing, stridor, tachyacardia, hypotension
idiosyncratic response - ANSWER unexplained and unpredictable response to a med
drug tolerance - ANSWER getting used to the therapeutic effect
synergistic effect - ANSWER one drug enhances the effect of another drug
antagonistic effect - ANSWER one drug reduces the effect of another drug
Pharmacokinetics - ANSWER a drug's activity from the time it enters the body unit until it leaves
absorption - ANSWER the transference of drug molecules from the point of entry in the body into the bloodstream, often systemic. Influenced by route, dosage and form, conditions of the absorption site.
absorption factors - ANSWER Lipid solubility - can pass through cell membrane easily. pH - acidic drugs are well absorbed in the stomach.
route - ANSWER IV, topical, oral, IM, subg, inhalation, sublingual.
1st pass effect - ANSWER oral; enters digestive system first where most of the drug gets absorbed,. loading dose - ANSWER larger than normal dose, usually when max therapeutic levels is needed
sustained response - ANSWER small dosages to sustain therapeutic effect.
conditions at absorption site - ANSWER make sure the IV is properly put in; see if the site is impaired (bruise, edema, scar)
Distribution - ANSWER Process begins with absorption into the circulation and ends with its arrival at the site of action. Pts overall health, chemical properties of med, site absorption
blood brain barrier - ANSWER physiological barriers; permits transport of lipid-bound meds while preventing transport of many water-soluble drugs
Placental barrier - ANSWER inhibits transport of some drugs from crossing the placenta
Protein binding capacity - ANSWER meds partially bind to protein (albumin). If low; pt could show signs of toxicity. Elderly, poor nutrition, liver disease
Normal Albumin level - ANSWER 3.5-5
Metabolism - ANSWER (biotransformation) the process of inactivating and breaking down a med. Liver mainly.
Excretion - ANSWER movement of a drug from the site of metabolism back into the circulation and its transport to the sit of sit from the body. Action of kidneys mainly (also lungs, exocrine glands, intestinal tract)
Dehydrated or Renal Disease dosage - ANSWER should be lower because kidney's can't excrete properly
Half-Life - ANSWER the amount of time it takes for half of the the original dose to be removed.
Time of Onset - ANSWER The amount of time needed after administration of a drug to produce the desired effect
Peak action - ANSWER Represents the amount of of time needed for a drug to reach the highest concentration for effectiveness
Duration - ANSWER the span of time during which the serum drug concentration is high enough to produce the intended effect
Plateau - ANSWER the serum concentration or level of a drug that has been reached and sustained with a series of fixed doses
BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen) - ANSWER and Creatinine are waste products and their levels determine if is excretion is diminished or abnormal. increased = abnormal.
Factors affecting drug action - ANSWER Children require lower doses, older people are sensitive due to decreased GI motility, Dec muscle mass, decreased liver function, decreased cardiac output.

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