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Samenvatting Criminologische Psychologie
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Volledige sv van alle lessen van dit vak. De sv bevat de volledige theorie en te kennen leerstof voor het examen. Behaalde hier zelf een 17/20 mee.
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Criminologische PsychologieSamenvatting
Kato Kerremans
2023-2024
,Inhoud
......................................................................................................................................................................... 1
H1 - Forensische psychologie: een introductie .................................................................................................. 5
1.1. Forensische psychologie ≠ ...................................................................................................................... 5
1.2. Forensische psychologie = ...................................................................................................................... 5
1.3. Psychologie en recht .............................................................................................................................. 7
1.3.1. De belangrijkste tegenstellingen ................................................................................................... 8
1.4. In beweging ........................................................................................................................................... 9
Korte samenvatting hoofdstuk ............................................................................................................................ 9
H2 - De ontwikkeling van antisociaal gedrag .................................................................................................. 10
2.1. De aard en het voorkomen van jeugddelinquentie .................................................................................... 10
2.2. De psychiatrische visie ......................................................................................................................... 10
2.2.1. DSM 5 .......................................................................................................................................... 11
2.2.2. Oppositionele-opstandige stoornis (ODD) .................................................................................. 11
2.2.3. Periodieke explosieve stoornis .................................................................................................... 12
2.2.4. Normoverschrijdende gedragsstoornis ....................................................................................... 12
2.3. Theorieën ontwikkeling antisociaal gedrag ......................................................................................... 13
2.3.2. Theorieën: uitgangspunten ................................................................................................................ 13
2.3.1. Theorieën ontwikkeling antisociaal gedrag ................................................................................. 14
2.4. Het bio-psycho-sociaal model .............................................................................................................. 15
2.4.1. Effecten van stress ...................................................................................................................... 17
2.4.2. Hersenscans ................................................................................................................................ 17
2.5. Ontwikkelingstheorieën antisociaal gedrag......................................................................................... 18
2.5.1. Ontwikkeling van diverse probleemgedragingen (Loeber & Hay, 1994) ..................................... 18
2.5.2. De Moffitt Theorie ...................................................................................................................... 19
2.5.3. Het model van Patterson............................................................................................................. 21
2.6. Protectieve factoren............................................................................................................................. 23
H3 - Partnergeweld......................................................................................................................................... 25
3.1. Definiëring & prevalentie ..................................................................................................................... 25
3.1.1. Definiëring partnergeweld .......................................................................................................... 25
3.1.2. Geweldsvormen .......................................................................................................................... 25
3.1.3. Partnergeweld in cijfers .............................................................................................................. 26
3.1.4. Gevolgen van partnergeweld ...................................................................................................... 27
3.1.5. Allemaal Gerelateerd .................................................................................................................. 27
3.2. Typologie Partnergeweld ..................................................................................................................... 28
3.2.1. Typologie Partnergeweldenaars .................................................................................................. 28
3.2.2. Typologie Partnergeweld ............................................................................................................ 29
3.2.3. Typologie dynamiek .................................................................................................................... 30
3.3. Partnergeweld: een complex gegeven ................................................................................................. 31
3.3.1. Cyclisch verloop Partnergeweld .................................................................................................. 31
3.3.2. Risicofactoren (Bell & Naugle) .................................................................................................... 32
3.3.3. Partnergeweld als dyadisch proces (Bartholomew & Cobb) ....................................................... 33
3.3.4. Genest ecologisch model (Heise) ................................................................................................ 34
3.3.5. Doorbreken van cyclisch verloopt ............................................................................................... 34
,H4 – Stalking .................................................................................................................................................. 37
4.1. Stalking: definiëring en prevalentie ..................................................................................................... 37
4.1.1. Stalking: de juridische visie ......................................................................................................... 37
4.1.2. Stalking: de psychosociale visie................................................................................................... 38
4.1.3. Stalkingsgedrag ........................................................................................................................... 38
4.1.4. Het slachtoffer............................................................................................................................. 38
4.1.5. Prevalentie .................................................................................................................................. 39
4.2. Typologie.............................................................................................................................................. 39
4.2.1. Typologie van Mullen .................................................................................................................. 39
4.3. Theoretische modellen ......................................................................................................................... 40
4.3.1. Relational Goal Pursuit Theory (Dipaula & Campbell, 2002) ...................................................... 40
4.3.2. Controle & macht ........................................................................................................................ 41
4.3.3. Integrated theoretical model of stalking violence ...................................................................... 41
4.4. Risico’s, risicofactoren en risicotaxatie................................................................................................. 41
4.4.1. Stalking Risc Profile ..................................................................................................................... 41
4.4.2. Stalking Assessment Management (SAM) .................................................................................. 42
H5 – Zedendelinquentie ................................................................................................................................. 43
5.1. Definities & prevalentie ....................................................................................................................... 43
5.1.1. Een definiëring ............................................................................................................................ 43
5.1.2. Psychiatrische visie...................................................................................................................... 44
5.1.3. Prevalentie .................................................................................................................................. 47
5.2. Theoretische modellen ......................................................................................................................... 49
5.2.1. Niveau III: microtheorieën .......................................................................................................... 49
...................................................................................................................................................................... 52
...................................................................................................................................................................... 52
5.2.2. Niveau II: unifactoriële theorieën ............................................................................................... 52
5.2.3. Niveau I: multifactoriële theorieën ............................................................................................. 56
5.3. Recidive ................................................................................................................................................ 59
Eens een zedendelinquent altijd zedendelinquent?..................................................................................... 59
5.3.1. Recidivecijfers ............................................................................................................................. 59
5.3.2. Risicofactoren ............................................................................................................................. 59
5.3.3. Risicotaxatie-instrumenten ......................................................................................................... 60
Gastles – De impact van gedragswetenschappen op het strafrecht ................................................................ 61
Strafrecht .......................................................................................................................................................... 61
Deskundig onderzoek ........................................................................................................................................ 61
Psychiatrisch onderzoek .................................................................................................................................... 62
Geloofwaardigheidsonderzoek ......................................................................................................................... 63
H6 – Psychiatrische stoornissen en crimineel gedrag ...................................................................................... 64
6.1. Ontoerekeningsvatbaarheid ................................................................................................................ 64
6.1.1. (On)toerekeningsvatbaarheid ..................................................................................................... 64
6.1.2. Internering .................................................................................................................................. 64
6.1.3. Rechterlijke beslissingen tot internering ..................................................................................... 65
6.1.4. Het forensisch psychiatrische deskundigenonderzoek ............................................................... 65
6.1.5. Complexe realiteit ....................................................................................................................... 66
6.1.6. Mate van ontoerekeningsvatbaarheid ........................................................................................ 68
6.2. Recidiverisico inschatten ...................................................................................................................... 68
6.2.1. Risicotaxatie: Wat? ...................................................................................................................... 68
6.2.2. Wat zijn risicofactoren?............................................................................................................... 69
, 6.2.3. Drie benaderingen ...................................................................................................................... 69
6.2.4. Risicotaxatie: waarom? ............................................................................................................... 71
6.2.5. Risicotaxatie: een kanttekening................................................................................................... 73
Verplichte literatuur .......................................................................................................................................... 73
Tekst 1 – Gewelddadig gedrag en de klinische praktijk: richtlijnen voor risicobeperkende en interventies
(Astrid Boelaert, Siegfried Koeck) ................................................................................................................. 73
Tekst 2 – Risico- versus herstelgericht werken met delinquenten: duivels dilemma of verrijking van de
behandeling? (Sabine Noom, Jan Willem Van den Berg, Mieke Breij) ......................................................... 74
H7 – Psychopathie .......................................................................................................................................... 77
7.1. Psychopathie: een omkadering .................................................................................................................. 77
7.1.1. Psychopathie vanuit een geschiedkundig kader ................................................................................. 77
7.1.2. Prevalentie van psychopathie ............................................................................................................. 78
7.2. De meting van psychopathie ...................................................................................................................... 78
7.2.1. DSM 5: Antisociale persoonlijkheidsstoornis ..................................................................................... 78
7.2.2. De Psychopathy Checklist-Revisted (PCLR) ......................................................................................... 79
7.2.3. Alternatieve instrumenten ................................................................................................................. 82
7.3. De ontwikkeling van psychopathie ............................................................................................................. 82
7.3.1. Psychopathie bij minderjarigen .......................................................................................................... 82
7.3.2. Risicofactoren ..................................................................................................................................... 83
7.4. Behandelbaarheid ...................................................................................................................................... 86
7.4.1. Klinisch pessimisme ............................................................................................................................ 86
7.4.2. Wat werkt? ......................................................................................................................................... 87
7.4.3. Juridisch pessimisme .......................................................................................................................... 88
H8 – Kwetsbare verdachten ............................................................................................................................ 89
8.1. In de verhoorkamer: Valse bekentenissen .................................................................................................. 89
8.1.1. Het politieverhoor .............................................................................................................................. 89
8.1.2. De valse bekentenis ............................................................................................................................ 89
8.1.3. De aard van valse bekentenissen ........................................................................................................ 90
8.1.4. De kwetsbaarheden van het verhoorproces ...................................................................................... 91
8.1.5. De kwetsbaarheid van de ondervraagde ............................................................................................ 92
8.2. Meegaandheid & suggestibiliteit ............................................................................................................... 92
8.2.1. Compliance ......................................................................................................................................... 93
8.2.2. Suggestibliteit ..................................................................................................................................... 93
8.2.3. In de praktijk ....................................................................................................................................... 94
H9 - Het geheugen van getuigen ..................................................................................................................... 95
9.1. Het belang van het geheugen in de rechtbank .......................................................................................... 95
9.1.1. Gerechtelijke dwalingen: identificatie ................................................................................................ 95
9.1.2. Waarom herkennen we? .................................................................................................................... 95
9.2. Het geheugen: een betrouwbare videorecorder? ...................................................................................... 95
9.2.1. Perceptie ............................................................................................................................................. 95
9.2.2. Retentie .............................................................................................................................................. 97
...................................................................................................................................................................... 97
Tijd ................................................................................................................................................................ 97
9.2.3. Reproductie ........................................................................................................................................ 97
9.2.4. Additionele, situationele factoren ...................................................................................................... 98
9.3. Herkenning in de verhoorkamer................................................................................................................. 99
9.3.1. Composities ........................................................................................................................................ 99
9.3.2. Mug shots ........................................................................................................................................... 99
9.3.3. Line-up ................................................................................................................................................ 99
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