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HIEU 2031 Midterm IDs (1).
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HIEU 2031 Midterm IDs (1).
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HIEU2031
Midterm
IDs
Franchthi
Cave
-
ANS-Who/What:
Cave
When:
Inhabited
from
20,000
to
3,000
BC
Where:
Southeastern
Greece
Significance:
Has
enabled
archaeologists
to
reconstruct
life
in
Greece
from
the
Stone
Age
to
the
early
Bronze
Age,
revealing
the
first
complex
societies
in
Greece
Heinrich
Schliemann
-
ANS-Who/What:
German
Archaeologist
who
discovered
Troy
and
Mycenae
When:
Troy
(1871)
and
Mycenae
(1876)
Where:
Troy
in
northwestern
Anatolia
and
Mycenae
in
the
Peloponnese
Significance:
Proved
that
advanced
civilizations
existed
during
the
Bronze
Age.
His
finds
are
not
conclusive
evidence
of
the
Trojan
War
but
prove
Greeks'
remembrance
of
their
Heroic
age
as
a
victorious
time
Linear
A
-
ANS-Who/What:
Cretan
script
that
was
a
precursor
to
Linear
B,
discovered
by
Evans
When:
Developed
in
1900
BC
Where:
Knossos
Significance:
Precursor
to
Linear
B
which
was
used
by
the
Mycenaeans
Michael
Ventris
-
ANS-Who/What:
Broke
the
Code
of
Linear
B
When:
Early
1950s
Where:
British
classicist
Significance:
Proved
that
Greek
was
the
language
of
the
Mycenaeans
(difficult
given
lack
of
ancient
sources)
and
that
they
were
ruling
in
Crete
by
at
least
15th
century
BC.
tholos
tomb
-
ANS-Who/What:
Elaborate
Mycenaean
elite
funeral
tombs
(later
than
shaft
graves)
When:
16th
Century
Where:
Peloponnese
and
Aegean
Sea
(Mycenaean
Empire)
Significance:
Uniformity
of
the
tombs
indicates
homogeneity
in
Mycenaean
Greek
civilization
that
was
not
found
in
later
Greek
society.
Elaborate
nature
proves
wealthy,
hierarchical
society
with
stratified
social
structure
Pylos
-
ANS-Who/What:
Mycenaean
palace
When:
Mycenaean
Civilization
lasted
from
1600-1150
BC
Where:
Western
Peloponnese
Significance:
Pylos
tells
us
about
Mycenaean
palaces
-
not
fortified
(culture
of
fighting)
and
pottery
there
matches
rest
of
Mycenae
(indicative
of
homogeneity)
Chariot
-
ANS-Who/What:
Horse
drawn
vehicle
used
in
racing
and
warfare When:
Big
during
period
of
Homeric
epics
(~1200
BC
possibly)
because
Mycenaean
horses
were
too
small
Where:
Ancient
Greece
Significance:
Vehicle
used
for
competition,
a
major
component
of
Ancient
Greek
values
Thebes
-
ANS-Who/What:
Mycenaean
city
burned
When:
1300
BC
Where:
Boeotia
Significance:
Unknown
cause
speaks
to
the
perplexing
end
of
Mycenaean
civilization
(can
see
unrest
b/c
Mycenaeans
bulked
walls
and
excavated
water
prior
to
downfall)
Iliad
-
ANS-Who/What:
Homeric
Classic
about
the
Trojan
War
When:
Likely
written
in
the
8th
century
BC,
describing
~1200
BC
possibly
Where:
Troy
Significance:
Homeric
values
tell
us
about
Dark
Age
values:
aretai,
birth
and
wealth,
competition
(agon),
agathos
vs.
kakos,
aristos,
kleos,
and
timē
Achaeans
-
ANS-Who/What:
The
people
who
fought
Troy
in
the
Trojan
War
When:
~1200
BC
possibly
Where:
Troy
Significance:
Homeric
values
tell
us
about
Dark
Age
values:
aretai,
birth
and
wealth,
competition
(agon),
agathos
vs.
kakos,
aristos,
kleos,
and
timē
Nestor
-
ANS-Who/What:
Wise
warrior
from
Pylos
who
gave
advice
to
Achilles
and
Agamemnon
in
the
Iliad
When:
~1200
BC
possibly
Where:
Troy/from
Pylos
Significance:
Nestor
claimed
Agamemnon
had
more
timē
b/c
Zeus
granted
him
more
property,
but
the
reader
thought
Achilles'
fighting
gave
him
timē.
The
debate
tells
us
the
emphasis
on
esteem.
Nestor's
wisdom
also
demonstrates
the
value
of
metis
Homer
-
ANS-Who/What:
Author
of
the
Iliad
and
Odyssey
When:
Possibly
8th
century
BC,
though
debates
about
whether
he
was
one
person
Where:
Potentially
from
Ionia
Significance:
Homeric
values
tell
us
about
Dark
Age
values:
aretai,
birth
and
wealth,
competition
(agon),
agathos
vs.
kakos,
aristos,
kleos,
and
timē
Minoan
-
ANS-Who/What:
Pre-Mycenaean
civilization
that
thrived
during
the
Bronze
Age,
drew
heavily
on
Egyptian
redistributive
economic
model
and
arts
(had
sharp
class
distinctions)
When:
Particularly
important
between
3000
and
1450
BC
Significance:
Linear
B
tablets
tell
us
that
Mycenaeans
took
over
Minoan
Crete
by
15th
century
BC
and
they
drew
heavily
from
Minoan
culture
Thera
-
ANS-Who/What:
Island When:
Island
torn
apart
in
volcanic
explosion
around
~1600
BC
Where:
North
of
Crete
Significance:
Aegean
absorption
of
Minoan
art
and
culture
can
be
seen
on
this
island
Mycenae
-
ANS-Who/What:
Major
Mycenaean
Greek
city
where
Agamemnon
sat
as
king
When:
Mycenaean
civilization
lasted
from
1600
-
1150
BC
Significance:
Palace
at
Mycenae
was
heavily
fortified,
blades
showed
warring
people,
grave
masks
and
tombs
demonstrate
a
wealthy,
hierarchical,
stratified
society
Megaron
-
ANS-Who/What:
Ceremonial
center
of
Mycenaean
palaces
When:
Mycenaean
civilization
lasted
from
1600
-
1150
BC
Where:
Peloponnesian
cities
Significance:
As
mentioned,
hierarchical
structure
and
wealthy
elite
in
Mycenaean
society
Wanax
-
ANS-Who/What:
Term
for
king
in
Mycenaean
empire
When:
1600
-
1150
BC
Where:
Peloponnese
and
Aegean
Significance:
First
example
of
a
head
of
society,
demonstrating
hierarchical
structure
with
powerful
top
Tiryns
-
ANS-Who/What:
Mycenaean
city
with
heavily
fortified
walls
When:
Mycenaean
civilization
lasted
from
1600
-
1150
BC
Where:
South
of
Mycenae
Significance:
Massive
stones
indicate
ability
for
top
to
mobilize
labor
in
Mycenaean
society
Athens
-
ANS-Who/What:
Democratic
Greek
polis
in
Attica
When:
First
inhabited
before
3000
BC
Where:
Attica
Significance:
home
of
democracy
Odyssey
-
ANS-Who/What:
One
of
Homer's
two
major
epic
poems,
describes
journey
of
Odysseus
after
fall
of
Troy
When:
Written
~8th
century,
describing
~12th
century
Where:
Aegean
Sea
Significance:
Serves
as
a
symbol
of
Greek
unity
and
culture,
moral
lessons
demonstrate
Homeric
values
of
Dark
Age
Hektor
-
ANS-Who/What:
Hero
of
Troy
who
is
killed
by
Achilles
in
the
Iliad
When:
~1200
BC
possibly
Where:
Troy
Significance:
Disrespect
of
Hektor's
dead
body
demonstrates
emphasis
on
revenge
and
timē
(through
physical/fighting
superiority)
in
Homeric
period
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