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NUR195 Final Exam – Questions & Proper Solutions
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NUR195 Final Exam – Questions & Proper Solutions
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NUR195 Final Exam – Questions & Proper Solutions The lungs are lined with Right Ans - visceral pleurathe thorax is lined with Right Ans - parietal pleura
pleurisy Right Ans - inflammation of the parietal pleura that produces sharp chest pain with each breath
Accessory muscles Right Ans - The secondary muscles of respiration which show the pts work of breathing. includes the neck muscles (sternocleidomastoids), the chest pectoralis major muscles, and the abdominal muscles.
what keeps aveoli expanded? - Right Ans - surfactant - reduces surface tension and prevents collapse
Atalectasis Right Ans - punctured pleura; lung collapses
caused by anesthesia, asthma, etc
can lead to pneumonia, respiratory. failure, etc
intervention for atelectasis Right Ans - •Use of incentive Spirometry
•Prevention is KEY
•Early mobility
•Nebulizers to facilitate secretion movement
•Turn, cough, deep breathe
•Pain meds PRN to facilitate deep breathing exercises
ABCs Right Ans - airway: upper respiratory tract
-natural or artificial airway
breathing: lower respiratory tract
-ventilation, diffusion, and perfusion circulation: adequate BP and Hgb
restricted breathing from COPD, asthma, diaphragm/abdonminal pain results in a decreased Right Ans - tidal volume ventilation Right Ans - movement of air in and out of the lungs (to alveoli)
diffusion Right Ans - Exchange of respiratory gases (CO2 and O2) in the alveoli and capillary membranes
perfusion Right Ans - supply of oxygen to, and removal of wastes from, cells and tissues by blood flow through capillaries
Adequate gas exchange depends on Right Ans - adequate ventilation-
perfusion ratio
nose to larynx respiratory defense mechanisms
-effected by Right Ans - upper respiratory membranes, nasal mucosa and cilia: filter, warm and humidify air we breathe
tracheostomies bypass warmth and humidification--will need to provide
trachea to bronchioles respiratory defense mechanisms
-complicated by Right Ans - cilia in their upward motion provides mucociliary clearance of foreign particles in the airway (aka MCC escalator) smoking complicates this and leads to emphysema/high secretion of mucous
cough reflex - respiratory defense mechanism Right Ans - helps protect against aspiration and helps to clear secretions diminishes over time with age
coughing is not productive until secretions reach Right Ans - the larger airways
bronchioles - respiratory defense mechanism Right Ans - bronchioles constrict with interaction to irritants
alveoli - respiratory defense mechanism Right Ans - aveolar macrophages are the final attempt to clean up those irritants, they phagocytize cellular debris
3 receptors that control respiratory rate and depth Right Ans - chemoreceptors in brain peripheral receptors (carotid and aortic bodies)
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