Exam (elaborations)
NUR 195 Test 1 (Exam Elaborations) Q’s And A’s
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NUR 195 Test 1 (Exam Elaborations) Q’s And A’s
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NUR 195 Test 1 (Exam Elaborations) Q’s And A’sWhat is assessed when ABG's are measured? Right Ans - bicarbonate-
carbonic acid buffer system (extracellular buffer system)
Respirations requires concert of which three things? Right Ans - -
Ventilation: Movement of air from the atmosphere to the alveoli [the functional unit of the lung]
-Diffusion: Exchange of oxygen [O2] and carbon dioxide [CO2] at the alveolar-
capillary membrane -Perfusion: Blood flow
The larynx consists of: Right Ans - Epiglottis: A valve flap of cartilage (lid-
like structure) that covers the entrance to the larynx during swallowing; it is essential to prevent aspiration (inhalation of food or fluid into the lungs)
Glottis: The opening between the vocal cords in the larynx
Thyroid cartilage: The largest of the cartilage structures; it can be felt anteriorly as the "Adam's apple"
Vocal cords: Ligaments controlled by muscular movements that produce sounds; located in the lumen of the larynx
Stimulus for surfactant production is thought to be related to maximum deep ________ sustained for a few seconds or sighing, in which a person's normal tidal volume (normal breath of approximately 500 mL) is _________ one to three
times what is normal. Right Ans - inspiration, increased
With ___________, the diaphragm and intercostals recoil, which increases the _____________ ______________ over ____________ ___________ so that ______ are expelled from the lung. Right Ans - expiration, intrapulmonary pressure, atmospheric pressure, gases
External respiration requires three processes: Right Ans - (1) ventilation, the act of breathing (inspiration and expiration)
(2) perfusion, blood flow to the alveoli, so that gases can be exchanged
(3) diffusion, movement of gases from a higher area of concentration to a lower area across the alveolar-capillary membrane. If the patient's FEV1 and forced vital capacity are reduced proportionately: Right Ans - maximal lung expansion is restricted in some way.
Diffusion Right Ans - is the process by which O2 and CO2 are exchanged at the air-blood interface.
A silent unit Right Ans - (a combination of shunting and dead-space ventilation) occurs when little or no ventilation and perfusion are present, such as in acute respiratory distress syndrome.
The silent unit indicates an absence of ventilation and perfusion to the lung area.
Inspiratory capacity (3600) mL Right Ans - The maximum volume of air inhaled after normal expiration IC = Tidal Vol + Inspiratory Reserve Vol (A decrease in inspiratory capacity may indicate restrictive disease; may also be decreased in obesity)
Common phenomena that may alter bronchial diameter, which affects airway resistance, include the following: Right Ans - -Contraction of bronchial smooth muscle—as in asthma
-Thickening of bronchial mucosa—as in chronic bronchitis
-Obstruction of the airway—by mucus, a tumor, or a foreign body
-Loss of lung elasticity—as in emphysema, which is characterized by connective tissue encircling the airways, thereby keeping them open during both inspiration and expiration
Normal pH range Right Ans - 7.35-7.45
Acidic pH Right Ans - less than 7
Basic pH Right Ans - 8-14
Plasma pH is an indicator of what? Right Ans - Hydrogen
respiratory acidosis Right Ans - -A drop in blood pH due to hypoventilation
(too little breathing) and a resulting accumulation of Co2.
-Low pH, high CO2
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