Computer N etworks F inal Exam Update 2024 -2025 | Computer Networks Actual Exam Latest 2024 Questions and Correct Answers Rated A+ What are the 7 Layers of Computer Networking -ANSWER -
Application, Presentation, Session, Transport, Network, Data -Link, and Physical What does the application layer do -ANSWER -It is the layer which interacts with the user to prov ide access to services and data that is sent/received over a network. Communication partners are identified. The set of services that an application makes usage of What does the presentation layer do -ANSWER -deals with formatting of data at the coding or syntax level. Converts data from one presentation format to another What does the session layer do? -ANSWER -deals with establishment, management and dissolution of sessions (periods of time which systems exchange data). Sets up and terminates most conver sations. Its services include authentication and reconnection after an interruption. What does the transport layer do -ANSWER -covers end -to-end movement of data in a reliable manner. This layer manages packetization of data, then the delivery of the packe ts, including checking for errors in the data once it arrives. What does the network layer do? -ANSWER -Responsible for addressing and routing of messages. sending it in the right direction to the right destination on outgoing transmissions and receiving i ncoming transmissions at the packet level. What does the data link layer do? -ANSWER -Responsible for sending and receiving messages to and from other computers. Its job is to reliably move a message from one computer over one circuit to the next computer where the messages needs to go .Sets up links across physical networks. What does the physical layer do -ANSWER -Timing and synchronization of bits. This layer conveys the bit stream across the network. What does TCP stand for? -ANSWER -Transmission Contro l Protocol What does IP stand for? -ANSWER -Internet Protocol Who is DARPA and why were they relevant -ANSWER -The Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET) was an early packet switching network and the first network to implement the protocol sui te TCP/IP. Both technologies became the technical foundation of the Internet. The ARPANET was initially funded by the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) of the United States Department of Defense. What is the difference between packet switching and circuit switching and the Pros/Cons of each -ANSWER -A circuit -switched network can guarantee a certain amount of end -to-end bandwidth for the duration of a call. Most packet -switched networks today (including the Internet) cannot make any end -to-end guaran tees for bandwidth. In a packet switched network, the packets from different sources flowing on a link do not follow any fixed, pre -defined pattern. In TDM circuit switching, each host gets the same slot in a revolving TDM frame. Flow control -ANSWER -make s sure that neither end of a connection overwhelms the buffers in the other end of the connection by sending to many packets to fast. Congestion control -ANSWER -A TCP mechanism, also available from other protocols, that permits network hosts to exchange i nformation about their ability to handle traffic volumes and thereby causes senders to decrease or increase the frequency and size of their upcoming communications. regulates the amount of data that an application can send into the network. TCP uses a cong estion window in the sender side to do congestion avoidance. The congestion window indicates the maximum amount of data that can be sent out on a connection without being acknowledged. TCP detects congestion when it fails to receive an acknowledgement for a packet within the estimated timeout. In such a situation, it decreases the congestion window to one maximum segment size (MSS), and under other cases it increases the congestion window by one MSS. There also exists a congestion window threshold, which is set to half the congestion window size at the time when a re -transmit was required. P2P network -ANSWER -A locally managed network in which each node can communicate directly with every other node in the network TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) -ANSWE R-provides reliable, ordered, and error -checked delivery of a stream of packets on the internet. TCP is tightly linked with IP and usually seen as TCP/IP in writing. socket -ANSWER -Software in an operating system that connects an application with a networ k protocol. a socket is the interface between the application layer and the transport layer within a host IP Address -ANSWER -A number assigned to any item that is connected to the Internet. 32 -bit quantity that we can think of as uniquely identifying the host. What is SSL used for? -ANSWER -Encrypt data as it travels over a network. For TCP connections What are the FTP commands -ANSWER -USER username: Used to send the user identification to the server. • PASS password: Used to send the user password to the server. • LIST: Used to ask the server to send back a list of all the files in the current remote directory. The list of files is sent over a (new and non -
persistent) data connection rather than the control TCP connection. • RETR filename: Used to retriev e (that is, get) a file from the current directory of the remote host. This command causes the remote host to initiate a data connection and to send the requested file over the data connection. • STOR filename: Used to store (that is, put) a file into the current directory of the remote host. What is the main difference between HTTP Protocol and FTP Protocol -ANSWER -The most striking difference is that FTP uses two parallel TCP connections to transfer a file, a control connection and a data connection. What does the control protocol do? -ANSWER -is used for sending control information between the two hosts —information such as user identification, password, commands to change remote directory, and commands to "put" and "get" files. What does the data protoc ol do? -ANSWER -The data connection is used to actually send a file. What is it called when a control connection sends data over a separate connection -ANSWER -FTP is
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