TEST BANK FOR CAMPELL BIOLOGY 1. Chapter 1 Evolution, the Themes of Biology, and Scientific Inquiry This introductory chapter explores the basic themes and concepts of biology, with emphasis on the core theme of evolution. It also introduces stude nts to the thinking of scientists. Questions are therefore general; however, an effort has been made to include some from each skill level. As in the rest of this test bank, questions that feature art or those for WHICH several questions follow upon some data or a scenario are placed together at the end of the chapter. Multiple -Choice Questions 1) A localized group of organisms that belong to the same species is called a A) biosystem. B) community. C) population. D) ecosystem. E) family. ANSWER: C TOPIC: CONCEPT 1.1 SKILL: KNOWLEDGE/COMPREHENSION 2) Organisms interact with their environments, exchanging matter and energy. For example, plant chloroplasts convert the energy of sunlight into A) the energy of motion. B) carbon dioxide and water. C) the potential energy of chemical bonds. D) oxygen. E) kinetic energy. ANSWER: C TOPIC: CONCEPT 1.1 SKILL: KNOWLEDGE/COMPREHENSION 3) The main source of energy for producers in an ecosystem is A) light energy. B) kinetic energy. C) thermal energy. D) chemical energy. E) ATP. ANSWER: A TOPIC: CONCEPT 1.1 SKILL: KNOWLEDGE /COMPREHENSION 4) Which of the following types of CELLS utilize deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) as their genetic material but do not have their DNA encased within a nuclear envelope? A) animal B) plant C) archaea D) fungi E) protists ANSWER: C TOPIC: CONCEPT 1.1 SKILL: Applica tion/Analysis 5) To understand the chemical basis of inheritance, we must understand the molecular structure of DNA. This is an example of the application of which concept to the study of biology? A) evolution B) emergent properties C) reductionism D) the cell theory E) feedback regulation ANSWER: C TOPIC: CONCEPT 1.1 SKILL: Application/Analysis 6) Once labor begins in childbirth, contractions increase in intensity and frequency until delivery. The increasing labor contractions of childbirth are an example of which type of regulation? A) a bioinformatic system B) positive feedback C) negative feedback D) feedback inhibition E) enzymatic catalysis ANSWER: B TOPIC: CONCEPT 1.1 SKILL: Application/Analysis 7) When the bodyʹs blood glucose level rises, the pancreas secretes insulin and, as a result , the blood glucose level declines. When the blood glucose level is low, the pancreas secretes glucagon and, as a result, the blood glucose level rises. Such regulation of the blood glucose level is the result of A) catalytic feedback. B) positive feedback. C) nega tive feedback. D) bioinformatic regulation. E) protein -protein interactions. ANSWER: C TOPIC: CONCEPT 1.1 SKILL: Application/Analysis 8) WHICH branch of biology is concerned with the naming and classifying of organisms? A) informatics B) schematic biology C) taxonomy D) genom ics E) evolution ANSWER: C TOPIC: CONCEPT 1.1 SKILL: KNOWLEDGE/COMPREHENSION 9) Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells generally have which of the following features in common? A) a membrane -bounded nucleus B) a cell wall made of cellulose C) ribosomes D) flagella or cilia that contain microtubules E) linear chromosomes made of DNA and protein ANSWER: C TOPIC: CONCEPT 1.1 SKILL: KNOWLEDGE/COMPREHENSION 10) Prokaryotes are classified as belonging to two different domains. What are the domains? A) Bacteria and Eukarya B) Archaea and Monera C) Eukarya and Monera D) Bacteria and Protista E) Bacteria and Archaea ANSWER: E TOPIC: CONCEPT 1.1 SKILL: KNOWLEDGE/COMPREHENSION 11) Global warming, as demonstrated by observations such as melting of glaciers, increasing CO2 levels, and increasing average ambient tempe ratures, has already had many effects on living organisms. Which of the following might best offer a solution to this problem? A) Continue to measure these and other parameters of the problem. B) Increase the abilities of animals to migrate to more suitable habi tats. C) Do nothing; nature will attain its own balance. D) Limit the burning of fossil fuels and regulate our loss of forested areas. E) Recycle as much as possible. ANSWER: D TOPIC: CONCEPT 1.1 SKILL: Synthesis/Evaluation 12) A water sample from a hot thermal vent contained a single -celled organism that had a cell wall but lacked a nucleus. What is its most likely classification? A) Eukarya B) Archaea C) Animalia D) Protista E) Fungi ANSWER: B TOPIC: CONCEPT 1.2 SKILL: Application/Analysis 13) A filamentous organism has been isolated from decomposing organic matter. This organism has a cell wall but no chloroplasts. How would you classify this organism? A) domain Bacteria, kingdom Prokaryote B) domain Archaea, kingdom Bacteria C) domain Eukarya, kingdom Plantae D) domain Eukarya, kingdom Protista E) domain Eukarya, kingdom Fungi ANSWER: E TOPIC: CONCEPT 1.2 SKILL: Application/Analysis 14) Which of these provides evidence of the common ancestry of all life? A) ubiquitous use of catalysts by living systems B) near universality of the genetic code C) structure of the nucleus D) structure of cilia E) structure of chloroplasts ANSWER: B TOPIC: CONCEPT 1.2 SKILL: Application/Analysis 15) WHICH of the following is (are) true of natural selection? A) It requires genetic variation. B) It results in descent with modification. C) It involves differential reproductive success. D) It results in descent with modification and involves differential reproductive success. E) It requires genetic variation, results in descent with modification, and involves differential reproductive success. ANSWER: E TOPIC: CONCEPT 1.2 SKILL: KNOWLEDGE/COMPREHENSION 16) Charles Darwin proposed a mechanism for descent with modification that stated that organisms of a particular species are adapted to their environment when they possess A) non-inheritable traits that enhance their survival in the local environment. B) non-inheritable traits that enhance their reproductive success in the local environment. C) non-inheritable traits that enhance their survival and reproductive success in the local environment. D) inheritable traits that enhance their survival and reproductive success in the local environment. E) inheritable traits that decrease their survival and reproductive success in the local environment. ANSWER: D TOPIC: CONCEPT 1.2 SKILL: KNOWLEDGE/COMPREHENSION 17) WHICH of these individuals is likely to be most successful in an evolutionary sense? A) a reproductively sterile individual who never falls ill B) an organism that dies after five days of life but leaves 10 offspring, all of whom survive to reproduce C) a male who mates with 20 females and fathers one offspring D) an organism that lives 100 years and leaves two offspring, both of whom survive to reproduce E) a female who mates with 20 males and produces one offspring that lives to reproduce ANSWER: B TOPIC: CONCEPT 1.2 SKILL: Application/Analysis 18) In a hypothetical world, every 50 years people over 6 feet tall are eliminated from the population before they reproduce. Based on your knowledge of natural selection, you would predict that the average height of the human population will A) remain unchanged. B) gradually decline. C) rapidly decline. D) gradually increase. E) rapidly increase. ANSWER: B TOPIC: CONCEPT 1.2 SKILL: Application/Analysis 19) Through time, the lineage that led to modern whales shows a change from four -limbed land animals to aquatic animals with two limbs that function as flippers. This change is best explained by A) natural philosophy. B) creationism. C) the hierarchy of the biological organization of life. D) natural selection. E) feedback inhibition. ANSWER: D TOPIC: CONCEPT 1.2 SKILL: Application/Analysis 20) What is the major difference between a kingdom and a domain? A) A kingdom can include several subgroups known as domains. B) All eukarya belong to one domain. C) All prokaryotes belong to one domain. D) The importance of fungi has led scientists to make them the whole of one domain. E) Only organisms that produce their own food belong to one of the domains. ANSWER: B TOPIC: CONCEPT 1.2 SKILL: KNOWLEDGE/COMPREHENSION 21) WHICH of the following best describes what occurred after the publication of Charles Darwinʹs On the Origin of Species? A) The book received little attention except from a small scientific community. B) The book was banned from schools. C) The book was widely discussed and disseminated. D) The bookʹs authorship was disputed. E) The book was discredited by most scientists. ANSWER: C TOPIC: CONCEPT 1.2 SKILL: KNOWLEDGE/COMPREHENSION 22) Why is Darwin considered original in his thinking? A) He provided examples of organisms that had evolved over time. B) He demonstrated that evolution is continuing to occur now. C) He described the relationship between genes and evolution. D) He proposed the mechanism that explained how evolution takes place. E) He observed that organisms produce large numbers of offspring. ANSWER: D TOPIC: CONCEPT 1.2 SKILL: KNOWLEDGE/COMPREHENSION 23) Darwinʹs finches, collected from the Galápagos Islands, illustrate WHICH of the following? A) mutation frequency B) ancestors from different regions C) adaptive radiation D) vestigial anatomic structures E) the accuracy of the fossil record ANSWER: C TOPIC: CONCEPT 1.2 SKILL: KNOWLEDGE/COMPREHENSION 24) WHICH of the following categories of organisms is least likely to be revised? A) kingdom B) class C) order D) phylum E) species ANSWER: E TOPIC: CONCEPT 1.2 SKILL: Synthesis/Evaluation 25) What is the major distinguishing characteristic of fungi? A) gaining nutrition through ingestion B) being sedentary C) being prokaryotic D) absorbing dissolved nutrients E) being decomposers of dead organisms ANSWER: D TOPIC: CONCEPT 1.2 SKILL: KNOWLEDGE/COMPREHENSION 26) What are archaea? A) Prokaryotes characterized as extremop hiles that share some bacterial and some eukaryotic traits. B) Organisms that are adapted to high temperature environments, such as in volcanic springs. C) Single -celled organisms that are killed by the application of antibiotics at certain concentrations. D) Bacte ria-like organisms that can live only in extreme salt environments. E) Primitive protist -like creatures possessing fewer than two chromosomes per cell. ANSWER: A TOPIC: CONCEPT 1.2 SKILL: KNOWLEDGE/COMPREHENSION 27) According to Darwinian theory, WHICH of the following exhibits the greatest fitness for evolutionary success? A) the species with the longest life B) the individuals within a population that have the greatest reproductive success C) the phylum with members that occupy the greatest number of habitats D) the commun ity of organisms that is capable of living in the most nutrient -poor biome E) the organism that produces its own nutrients most efficiently ANSWER: B TOPIC: CONCEPT 1.2 SKILL: KNOWLEDGE/COMPREHENSION 28) Similarities and differences among/between life-forms over time are most efficiently recorded by scientists in WHICH field(s) of study? A) paleontology B) paleontology and anatomy C) paleontology, anatomy, and taxonomy D) paleontology, anatomy, taxonomy, and genetics E) paleontology, anatomy, taxonomy, genetics, and ecology ANSWER: E TOPIC: CONCEPT 1.2 SKILL: Synthesis/Evaluation
