CEN Exam Review Study Guide Questions and Answers Top Rated 2024
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Course
CEN
Institution
CEN
What is a pericardial friction rub? - often heard over the sternal border. The inflammation causes a grating, scraping or leather-rubbing sound
Is pericarditis more common in adults or children? - Adults
What positions aggravate pericarditis? - lying flat on the left side, coughing and deep i...
CEN Exam Review Study Guide Questions and Answers Top Rated 2024 possiblea / / What is a pericardial friction rub? - often heard over the sternal border. The inflammation causes a grating, scraping or leather -rubbing sound Is pericarditis more common in adults or children? - Adults What positions aggravate pericarditis? - lying flat on the left side, coughing and deep inspiration How is pericardial pain relieved? - NSAIDs because this type of pain is not related to ischemia How to characterize a HTN crisis? - An uncontrolled rise in BP with end organ damage. Diastolic normally >130. Neuro sx are common as well as papilledema. This condition requires rapid management What can cause a HTN crisis? - Malignant HTN defined as a BP > 180/120 How is malignant HTN different from HTN emergency? - Malignant HTN will have papilloedema How to calculate MAP? - [(2 x DBP) + SBP] divided by 3 How fast do you tx an HTN ER? - decrease between 20 -30% over 2 -3 hours How fast do you tx an HTN urgency? - reduce BP gradually over 24 -48 hours What can dig toxicity manifest as? - acute onset = hyperkalemia chronic = hypokalemia, hypomag and bradycardia r/t hypokalemia Who is more likely to have an aortic dissection? - Males, HTN pts, and those with Marfans (which is connective tissue weakness) What drug is recommended for wide complex tachycardia in a stable pt? - Amidodarone What joule setting is recommended for emergent cardioversion? - starting at 50 -75 in biphasic and 100 in monophasic What drug is rec for SVT? - Adenosine How does hyperkalemia manifest on an EKG? - peaked T -waves in V1 -V5, widened QRS that can turn into sin wave --> asytole How does hypokalemia manifest on an EKG? - flat T -waves in V1 -V5 Define US Angina - CP that occurs with activity and become worse with each episode. 1/2 pts with UA have total or near total occlusion of a coronary artery Define Ludwigs angina - an expansion of an existing untx dental infection/cellulitis to the submandibular/lingual/mental mandibular spaces Define Stable Angina - predictable event after activites and exercise Define Prinzmetals angia - (variant angina) occurs when the pt is at rest, usually the same time each day. Prognosis is poor and 50% die w/in first year How to tx emergent pericardiditis - aka cardiac tamponade = pericardialcentesis What is characteristic of AA on CXR? - widened mediastinum What is done for an unstable pt w/tachy rhythm? - synchronized cardioversion vs adenosine is for stable pts Who is at risk for a silent MI? - Diabetics r/t muscular neuropathy What does a STEMI in 2, 3 A VF indicate? - RCA occlusion leading to an inferior MI Where will an anterior MI occur? - Leads V1 -V4 How does hypocalcemia present on an EKG? - peaked T -waves; think of the signs, neuromusclar irritability What cardiac dz are SLE pts at r/f? - pericarditis What cardiac dz does an exposure to environment toxins lead to? - myocarditis What are 2 forms of PVD? - Raynauds and Buergers What is Raynauds dz? - chronic peripheral vascular dz that involves episodic vasospasm of the blood vessels to the skin, mostly the hands resulting in pain/pallor/dec fxn ppt by cold/stress; no pulse loss Describe an arterial occlusion - sudden occlusion of arterial blood flow mainly caused by an embolus. severe pain at rest r/t tissue ischemia -
-> dec perfusion --> possible necrosis What are tarry stools indicative of? - peptic ulcers What are bloody stools indicative of? - ulcerative colitis What are frequent stools indicative of? - more than 20 are suggestive of IBS What e - abnl do you see in pancreatitis? - INC amylase/glucose/bili (or nL) DEC in calcium Why give a pt with cholecysitis NG tube? - to relieve colicky pain What relationship does black licorice have on dig? - it increases it's activity What is the best indicator of renal trauma? - Hematuria Whats a common cause of prerenal failure? - hypovolemia vs intrarenal ( rhabdo/glomerularnephitis) and post renal (urethral obstruction) What is common for a preggers in an MVC? - premature labor contractions r/t cells releasing prostaglandins; sometimes Tocolysis is needed (a drug used to stop premature contractions) What are sx of a detached retina? - flashes of lights, floaters in peripheral
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