An emergent condition where one bowel segment becomes invaginated into another -
Intussusception
Mother presents with her 2 year old child who is complaining of severe abdominal pain and 4
episodes of vomiting in the last 24 hours. He has had 4 episodes of "currant jelly" like stool, and the
mo...
FNP-652 Midterm Exam -Questions with Correct Answers/ Verified/ Latest Update 2024/2025 An emergent condition where one bowel segment becomes invaginated into another - ✔✔Intussusception Mother presents with her 2 year old child who is complaining of severe abdominal pain and 4 episodes of vomiting in the last 24 hours. He has had 4 episodes of "currant jelly" like stool, and the most recent one had blood in it. What diagnosis do you suspe ct? - ✔✔Intussusception What is the gold standard for diagnosis of intussusception? - ✔✔abdominal ultrasound What condition is associated with a "bulls eye" or "coiled spring" appearance when seen on fluoroscopy or ultrasound? - ✔✔Intussusception What i s the treatment for intussusception? - ✔✔Air contrast enema under fluoroscopy What types of viral hepatitis are self limiting and cause only acute viral disease and have complete viral clearance? - ✔✔Hepatitis A and E What types of viral hepatitis can re sult in chronic infections? - ✔✔Hepatitis B, C, and D A patient who is newly diagnosed with GERD should receive what type of medication as first line treatment? - ✔✔H2 Antagonist (ex: Ranitidine, Famotidine) A 10 year old female patient presents to the c linic with her mother with complaints of ongoing generalized abdominal pain over the last 6 months. Her stool is negative for occult blood and she is absent of any alarm symptoms. All previous imagining and work up has come back negative. The pain is inter mittent, and is unrelated to meals, movement or activity. Pain medications thus far have been ineffective, and the school is sending letters home regarding the child's many absences. What condition do you suspect? - ✔✔Functional Abdominal Pain Which liver enzyme is typically higher in Non -alcoholic fatty liver disease? ALT or AST? - ✔✔ALT What are potential causes of non alcoholic fatty liver disease? - ✔✔Obesity, DM, hypertriglyceridemia associated with insulin resistance as a part of metabolic syndrome What are the "2 hits" in non -alcoholic fatty liver disease? - ✔✔1-insulin resistance and altered lipid metabolism resulting in fatty acids infiltrating the liver. 2-Inflammation causes more liver injury, which can result in fibrosis and later cirrhosis A mother bring in her 5 year old son who was previously potty trained, but has recently started having accidents daily and not using the toilet. What condition do you suspect? - ✔✔Encopresis What is Primary Encopresis? - ✔✔Child has never been toilet train ed successfully What is secondary Encopresis? - ✔✔Child previously toilet trained, but begins to soil Treating a child with encopresis with constipation, what methods of disimpaction should be utilized? - ✔✔Oral cathartics, enemas or combination A child with encopresis with constipation just underwent bowel evacuation, what should be initiated next? And what is the goal for their continuing bowel habits? - ✔✔Laxative/stool softeners in order to achieve goal of 1 -2 soft stools ad ay. What is the f irst line for management of encopresis? - ✔✔Behavior modification therapy What is the major contributing factor for recurrence of diverticulitis? - ✔✔Chronic low grade inflammation A patient presents with acute left lower abdominal pain with tenderness, palpable mass, fever, and leukocytosis. What condition do you suspect? - ✔✔Diverticulitis What medications will you give for treatment of diverticulitis in the outpatient setting? - ✔✔Cipro and metronidazole (flagyl) You have a patient in which you suspe ct an acute diverticular episode, what diagnostic study would you want to order first? - ✔✔CT of the abdomen In a patient who is suspected to be having an acute diverticular episode, when would you want to order a colonoscopy? - ✔✔Not during acute phase, should be performed 6 weeks after acute epoisode What is the management protocol for acute diverticulitis? - ✔✔Bowel rest, NPO in acute phase, surgery if recurrent What type of diet should you prescribe for a patient with a history of diverticulitis? - ✔✔High fiber diet Condition associated with chronic inflammation of the colonic mucosa and submucosa - ✔✔Ulcerative colitis Patient presents with recent history of bloody diarrhea that is frequent, lower abdominal pain, with negative stool cultures. What condition do you expect and what diagnostic study will confirm this? - ✔✔Ulcerative colitis, sigmoidoscopy What medication would you prescribe for mild to moderate chronic treatment of ulcerative colitis patient? - ✔✔Oral aminosalicylates A patient prese nts with an acute ulcerative colitis exacerbation. What type of medication would you prescribe on top of his current aminosalicylates? - ✔✔Oral steroids (ex: prednisone) Care should be used with what type of medication in patients who have known ulcerative colitis? - ✔✔Anti-diarrheal Patients with ulcerative colitis who are not responsive to oral steroid treatment should be prescribed what type of medication? - ✔✔Immune m odulators What is the goal of treatment for patients with ulcerative colitis? - ✔✔Terminate the acute attack and prevent recurrence of attacks What is the curative measure for ulcerative colitis in those who are unresponsive to treatment? - ✔✔Surgery
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