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Echo A Exam 5 Parts 1 and2 Questions and Answers $12.49   Add to cart

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Echo A Exam 5 Parts 1 and2 Questions and Answers

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List some possible etiologies for pulmonary hypertension. Ans- An access of blood flowing through the pulmonary artery. Reduction in the caliber of the pulmonary vasculature (vasoconstriction) either: (A)Primaryunknown cause (B)Secondary- due to long-standing pulmonary congestion due to left ...

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  • August 2, 2024
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  • Exam (elaborations)
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Echo A Exam 5 Parts 1
and2 Questions and
Answers


List some possible etiologies for pulmonary hypertension.


Ans- An access of blood flowing through the pulmonary artery. Reduction in

the caliber of the pulmonary vasculature (vasoconstriction) either: (A)Primary-

unknown cause (B)Secondary- due to long-standing pulmonary congestion due to

left heart failure.




Why might there be a volume overload in the pulmonary arteries?


Ans- This is usually due to a shunt, where blood flows directly from the left

side of the heart to the right. This results in an imbalance of stroke volume

(more out of the right side than the left). These shunts are either septal

defects (ASD, VSD) or a patient ductus arteriosus.

,What might cause pulmonary congestion (other than the volume overload

described above)?


Ans- Pulmonary congestion if not due to extra blood coming in, is do to left

heart failure. This creates a pressure and volume overload to the lungs, which

then become congested and overtime leads to pulmonary vasoconstriction and

pulmonary hypertension.




What is the difference between primary and secondary pulmonary

hypertension?


Ans- Primary pulmonary hypertension is when there is no other underlying

disease or condition. The problem is simply too much resistance in the pulmonary

arteries due to pulmonary vasoconstriction. Secondary pulmonary hypertension

can be due to COPD, left heart failure, or congenital defects, or thoracic cage

and Neromuscular system abnormalities, and acute or chronic pulmonary

thromboembolism




What are some possible symptoms of pulmonary hypertension?

, Ans- Shortness of breath without activity, cough, fatigue, dizziness, chest

pain or pressure, rapid heartbeat, swelling of the ankles legs and abdomen,

cyanosis.




If left untreated, pulmonary hypertension can lead to which sided heart failure?

What are some complications of this type of heart failure?


Ans- Pulmonary hypertension will eventually lead to right heart failure (due to

the pressure overload). Once the right heart fails, the chambers will dialate

(Now volume overload) and cause the vessels leading to the right heart to

become congested. Eventually fluid will build up in the tissues (edema, ascites,

spleno- and hepatomegaly, Etc.).




Pulmonary hypertension will first cause what to the right ventricle? After a

brief period, the right ventricle will then begin to fail. What might we see once

this happens? Specifically, how might the tricuspid valve be affected?


Ans- Pulmonary hypertension will first cause the right ventricle to hypertrophy

(muscle becomes thick). The myocardium will fail and then The ventricle will

dilate. If the wall of the right ventricle and the annulus of the tricuspid valve

becomes too stretched, it will lead to functional tricuspid regurge.

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