describe brain compliance
(Ans- the ability of cranial content to tolerate changes in volume
as brain volume increases, ICP initially does not increase due to ____________
(Ans- brain compliance
how to monitor CSF in ICP
(Ans- ICP waveform
a healthy brain will have peak 1 higher tha...
NSG 533 Exam 4: Questions & Answers
describe brain compliance
(Ans- the ability of cranial content to tolerate changes in volume
as brain volume increases, ICP initially does not increase due to
____________
(Ans- brain compliance
how to monitor CSF in ICP
(Ans- ICP waveform
a healthy brain will have peak 1 higher than peak 2, which is higher than
peak 3
an unhealthy brain will have peak 2 higher than peak 1 (going up)
explain impaired brain autoregulation
(Ans- as blood flow to the brain drops, vasodilation will occur to increase
blood flow to the brain to increase ICP
if ICP is too high, vasoconstriction will occur to limit the amount of blood
reaching the brain
formula for calculating Cerebral Perfusion Pressure (CPP)
(Ans- CPP = MAP - ICP
what is normal CPP?
(Ans- 50-150mmHg
how can you reduce CPP?
(Ans- increase ICP
,do you want a higher or lower MAP in an injured brain?
(Ans- higher MAP
normal Intracranial Pressure (ICP)
(Ans- 0-10mmHg
what is a major cause of ICP hypotension?
(Ans- loss of CSF volume
when does ICP Hypertension warrant treatment?
(Ans- sustained ICP > 15-20mmHg
severe ICP Hypertension
(Ans- sustained ICP >40mmHg
causes of increased ICP
(Ans-
1. disordered CSF hydrodynamics
2. too much blood inside the brain
3. Increased volume of brain tissue
three causes of disordered CSF hydrodynamics
(Ans-
1. CSF overproduction (rare)
2. impaired absorption (blood in CSF clogs outflow)
3. impaired drainage (tumor blocks duct for draining CSF)
two causes of increased volume of brain tissue
(Ans-
1. abnormal growth/tumor
2. cerebral edema
what is the function of the Blood Brain Barrier?
(Ans- Regulates the movement of substances from the blood to the brain
tissue; protects the brain from infection and toxins
, what happens to the Blood Brain Barrier and brain autoregulation when
there is increased ICP?
(Ans- they break down
three types of cerebral edema
(Ans-
1. osmotic
2. vasogenic
3. cytotoxic
osmotic edema
(Ans- cerebral edema d/t fluid shifting into the brain tissue (hyponatremia)
cytotoxic edema
(Ans- cerebral edema d/t death of brain tissue (ischemia)
basics of how brain herniation occurs
(Ans- as ICP continues to increase, the brain begins to push on the skull
and has nowhere to go, which can result in herniation
four types of brain herniation
(Ans-
1. central
2. subfalcine
3. uncal
4. tonsillar
central herniation
(Ans- Downward shift of the diencephalon that compresses the midbrain --
> impedes blood flow to the brain
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Joy100. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $7.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
