Absorption - When all of the x-ray energy is absorbed by the ejected electron
acute radiation syndrome - Radiation sickness that occurs in humans after whole-body doses of 1 Gy
(100 rad) or more of ionizing radiation delivered over a short time not seen in diagnostic imaging
ALARA - (radiation exposure)As Low As Reasonably Achievable
Anatomic Position - The position in which the patient is standing erect; with the face directed forward,
arms extended by the sides with the palms facing forward, and the toes pointing anteriorly
Anatomically Programmed Radiography (APR) - Technique by which graphics on the console guide the
operator in selection of a desired kVp and mAs
Angiography - The fluoroscopic imaging of blood vessels
Anode - Positively charged side of an x-ray tube that contains the target
Anterior-Posterior - from front to back
American Registry of Radiologic Technologists (ARRT) - The world's largest credentialing organization in
medical imaging, interventional procedures, and radiation therapy; certify and register technologists
through administration of education, ethics and examination requirements.
Artifact - Unintended optical density on a radiograph or another film-type image receptor
American Society of Radiologic Technologists (ASRT) - Professional organization that promotes research,
continuing education and guidelines for radiography instruction
, Atom - Smallest particle of an element that cannot be divided or broken by chemical means
Atomic Number (Z) - number of protons in the nucleus
Attenuation - absorption of the x-ray beam in matter, usually the human body
Automatic Exposure Control (AEC) - feature/device that determines radiation exposure during
radiography in most x-ray imaging systems
Back-up time - when the exposure timer is manually set by the operator to a time greater than the
anticipated exposure time
Bergonie-Tribondeau law - principle that states that the radiosensitivity of cells is directly proportional
to their reproductive activity and inversely proportional to their degree of differentiation
Binding energy - the energy required to separate a single particle or group of particles from a molecule,
atom, or nucleus
Biological Damage - the damage produced from exposure to radiation
Bremsstrahlung x-ray - x-ray that results from interaction of the projectile electron with a target nucleus,
also known as breaking radiation
Bucky Tray - a device that contains a moving grid
Caliper - a tool used for body part measurement
Cardinal Principles of Radiation Protection - The methods used to protect operators from unnecessary
radiation exposure; time, distance and shielding
Cassette - A rigid holder that contains the film and screens
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