What is the metabolism? - ✔️✔️Metabolism is the total of all chemical reactions in the cell and is divided
into two parts
-Catabolism
-Anabolism
What are some common aspects of metabolism for all organisms? - ✔️✔️-Life obeys the laws of
thermodynamics
-The energy cells obtain from their environment is most often conserved as ATP
-Oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions play a critical role in energy conservation
-The chemical reactions that occur in cells are organized into pathways
-Each reaction of a pathway is catalyzed by an enzyme or a ribozyme
-The functioning of biochemical pathways is regulated
What are the 3 different kinds of cellular work and energy transfers? - ✔️✔️Chemical: endergonic
reactions
-Requires energy from ATP being broken down to proceed
Mechanical: cilia or flagella movement
Transport: pumping substances across membrane
, Thermodynamics - ✔️✔️Analyzes energy changes in a system (for example, a cell)
What are 2 Laws of Thermodynamics? - ✔️✔️First Law of Thermodynamics: Energy can be neither created
nor destroyed
Second Law of Thermodynamics: Physical and chemical processes proceed in such a way that the
disorder of the universe increases
Entropy - ✔️✔️Entropy is the measure of the randomness or disorder of a system
Joules (J) - ✔️✔️Units of work capable of being done
1 cal of heat is equivalent to 4.1840 J of work
What does the Free Energy equation indicate? - ✔️✔️Expresses the change in energy that can occur in
chemical reactions and other processes
Used to indicate if a reaction will proceed spontaneously
-If (delta)G is negative, reaction is spontaneous (reacts on its own)
-If (delta)G is positive, reaction is not spontaneous (doesn't react without external force)
(delta)G
-Change in free energy
-Amount of energy available to do work
What does (delta)H mean in the Gibbs Free Energy equation? - ✔️✔️Change in enthalpy (heat content)
What does T mean in the Gibbs Free Energy equation? - ✔️✔️Temperature in Kelvin (C + 273)
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