Polyuria - ✔️✔️Excessive fluid volume of 2500mL or more per day
Oliguria - ✔️✔️Output of 100mL to 500mL per day, and can cause kidney failure.
Anurial - ✔️✔️Output of 50mL to 100mL in 24 hours (per day)
Frequency - ✔️✔️Voiding frequently throughout the day (4-6 times per day)
Nocturia - ✔️✔️Excessive urination at night
Urgency - ✔️✔️Sudden strong desire to void
Enuresis - ✔️✔️Involuntary urination in children beyond the age when normal bladder control is
established (4-5 years)
Incontinence - ✔️✔️Involuntary leakage of urine or loss of bladder control
,Retention - ✔️✔️Inability to empty the bladder (backflow of urine
Urinary Track Infection (UTI) - ✔️✔️Bladder infection caused by Ecoli
Dysuria - ✔️✔️Painful or difficult urination
Neurogenic bladder - ✔️✔️Impairment of bladder control due to brain or nerve conduction
overflow incontinence - ✔️✔️A constant dribbling of urine or frequency in urination
Hematuria - ✔️✔️Blood in the urine
stress incontinence - ✔️✔️Loss of urine control during activities that increase intra-abdominal
pressure (coughing,sneezing,laughing and exercising)
An average daily urinary output is: - ✔️✔️1400mL per day or minimum of 30mL per hour
Normal urine output - ✔️✔️Should equal fluid intake. Approximately 60mL per hour
Symptoms of kidney infections include: - ✔️✔️Fever
Chills
Pain in the lower back or side
Pain when pee (urinate)
Bloody or cloudy pee that might smell bad
Urgent or frequent need to pee
Assessment of Urine Includes: - ✔️✔️Volume
Color or clarity
Odor
Sterility
, pH
Specific gravity
Glucose
Ketones
Blood
Measure residual urine
Diagnostic test
What blood tests are used to evaluate renal function? - ✔️✔️Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
Creatinine levels
Risk for Urinary Track Infections (UTI): - ✔️✔️Diabetes
Catheters
Dehydration
Being Female
Immobility
Incontinence
How can a nurse check for urinary retention? - ✔️✔️The nurse will inspect and palpate the
suprapubic area and use a bladder scanner if available
What can be indicated for a patient with anuria or oliguria? - ✔️✔️Dialysis
What is the difference between hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis? - ✔️✔️Hemodialysis takes the
patient blood and has it flow through filters of a machine and ultra-filtrate
Peritoneal dialysis uses the abdominal cavity in the membrane for exchange of fluid and molecules
What is the goal of dialysis? - ✔️✔️To remove toxins, maintains fluids, electrolytes, and acid-base
balance.
Causes of Urinary Retention - ✔️✔️Prostatic
Hypertrophy
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