Research Exam 3 Questions With Complete Answers

True or False? The objective of a systematic review is to synthesize existing knowledge. - ANS True True or False? When starting a tertiary analysis, the most important decision is the selection of a topic that is narrow enough that all the relevant publications can be acquired. - ANS True What type of research must be carefully organized by theme, methodology, chronology, or another guiding principle? - ANS Narrative review A researcher with strong quantitative skills would be required for what type of research? - ANS Meta-analysis Enhancing understanding of particular phenomenon is the goal of what type of research? - ANS Meta-synthesis True or False? Some universities require a professor to be listed as the PI on any research project that involves human subjects even if a student is taking the lead role in the conduct of the project. - ANS true True or False? A strong protocol should be detailed enough that the entire methods section of any paper that will result from the project could be written before data collection begins. - ANS True Which of the following tasks would need to be performed by the researcher if existing data is going to be analyzed? - ANS Identify an appropriate data source and supporting materials What research characteristic requires a detailed set of explanations about how participants were sampled? - ANS Reproducibility A Gantt chart can be very helpful for visually displaying which of the following? - ANS Research timeline The standard expectation is that a study's analyses should have a power of what value or greater? - ANS 80% Which of the following is a statistical estimate of how close to the population value a sample of a particular size is expected to be? - ANS Confidence interval What type of error occurs when a study population yields a significant statistical test result even though a significant difference or association does not actually exist in the source population? - ANS Type 1 error True or False? If too many participants are recruited, the whole study will be almost worthless because the sample will not have enough statistical power to answer the study question. - ANS false True or False? If the power estimates for a study are lower than desired, the easiest way to improve the power is to increase the sample size. - ANS true True or False? The sample population consists of individuals from the study population who are invited to participate in the research project. - ANS false True or False? In a case-control study, the controls must be similar to the cases in every way except for their disease status. - ANS true Researchers attempting to generate a random sample from the source population need to avoid what type of bias that could occur if each individual in the source population does not have an equal chance of being selected for the sample population? - ANS nonrandom sampling bias What type of sampling is usually the preferred option for producing a sample population that is similar to the source population as a whole? - ANS probability based sampling Which of the following should always be the top priority when designing and implementing an experimental study? - ANS safety True or False? Prospective cohort studies examining rates of incidence of disease require a series of questions about both exposure status and disease status. - ANS true True or False? Decisions about the types of questions to ask must include considerations of which statistical tests the researcher wants to run on the collected data. - ANS true Factors that might influence the relationships between key exposures and outcomes are referred to as which of the following? - ANS potential confounders What type of question forces respondents to select answers that do not truly express their status or opinions? - ANS closed-ended questions For what type of questions must decisions be made about how many entries to include on a scale and whether there will be a neutral option? - ANS ranked questions True or False? The goal of recruiting is to maximize the participation rate among members of a sample population so as to yield a study population that is reasonably representative of the source population. - ANS true True or False? Only a few out of every hundred calls made by random-digit dialing may yield one person willing to participate in the survey. - ANS true