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20 Basic Counseling Skills to Become an
Effective Therapist
17 Sep 2021 by Jeremy Sutton, Ph.D.


Scientifically reviewed by Gabriella Lancia, Ph.D.




D
Effective counseling skills are vital in forming a strong alliance between the client and
therapist.




IE
When combined, such competencies support clients through treatment and help
them reach their goal of overcoming the pressures of modern life and leading a more
fulfilling existence (Tan, Leong, Tan, & Tan, 2015).
IF
Various counseling skills can be learned and developed to foster and maintain the
psychological process, including good communication, problem solving, and goal
setting, and introduce coping techniques such as self-talk and visualization
R
(Nelson-Jones, 2014; Sommers-Flanagan & Sommers-Flanagan, 2015).


This article introduces and examines counseling skills and techniques for supporting
VE


the psychological process underpinning therapy and setting and achieving counseling
goals.


0 of 1 minute, 0Volume 0%
00:58

,Before you continue, we thought you might like to download our three Strengths
Exercises for free. These detailed, science-based exercises will help your clients
realize their unique potential and create a life that feels energizing and authentic.


This Article Contains:
​ What Are Counseling Skills?




D
​ 3 Real Examples of Good Counseling Skills
​ 20 Basic Counseling Skills: A Checklist
​ Counseling Microskills Explained




IE
​ Effective Techniques Used by Counselors
​ How to Improve Your Counseling Skills
​ Assessing Counseling Skills: A Scale
IF
​ 3 Books to Foster Your Counseling Skills
​ Tools From PositivePsychology.com
​ A Take-Home Message
R
​ References


What Are Counseling Skills?
VE


Most therapists and counselors would agree that a good counseling relationship is
fundamental to being effective with clients. Such alliances build on several
counselor-offered qualities, core conditions, and skills, including “empathic
understanding, respect and acceptance for clients’ current states of being, and
congruence or genuineness” (Nelson-Jones, 2014, p. 9).

, While psychological practitioners recognize the importance of the counseling
relationship, they also agree on the need for interventions using skills directed by
their theoretical orientation.


When viewed as a relationship with core conditions and a selection of interventions,
counseling is recognized as a psychological process, usually with the goal of “altering




D
how people feel, think and act so that they may live their lives more effectively”
(Nelson-Jones, 2014, p. 10).




IE
Various counseling skills underpin the psychological process and are required to
become an effective therapist. They have five different goals (Nelson-Jones, 2014):


​ Supportive listening
IF
Clients feel heard, understood, and affirmed.
​ Managing a problem situation
Clients often need help tackling a specific, problematic situation.
R
​ Problem management
The individual requires support in overcoming more general problems, such as
feeling depressed.
VE


​ Strengthening insufficiently strong skills
Clients can develop or replace the weak and deficient skills that cause them to
face the same problems repeatedly, such as broken relationships or challenges
at work.
​ Enhancing skill strength goals
Clients do not always seek help in resolving specific problems; sometimes, they
simply require the skills to function better.

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