CPH Policy in Public Health.pdf file:///C:/Users/HP/Desktop/eewwww/CPH%20Policy%20in%20Pu
CPH Policy in Public Health
1. policymaking process: begins with recognizing a problem in which discontent with the
status quo exists
1. agenda setting- getting the problem on the agenda whereby Congress, state legislators,
or local public officials seek to address the problem
2. policy formulation- when policies are proposed to address the problem and then debated by
policymakers
3. policy adoption- occurs through established governmental processes in which laws or
ordinances are passed by lawmakers
4. policy implementation- when governmental units make the policy operational, which
required both human and financial resources
5. policy evaluation- determines whether the policy is meeting its goals in addressing the problem
6. policy modification- when results of evaluation are used to determine if a policy should be
continued, modified, or repealed
2. policy window: occurs when 3 streams of activity are present that can lead to policy
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,CPH Policy in Public Health.pdf file:///C:/Users/HP/Desktop/eewwww/CPH%20Policy%20in%20Pu
change
1. strong support among the voting public and policymakers that a problem should be resolved
3. support for the proposed policy design
3. political relationships that are receptive to change
3. moral hazard: Medicare has a cost-sharing component (deductibles, copays, co-insurance)
to avoid a moral hazard in which demand for unnecessary services increases if they are
provided at no cost to patients
the tendency for an insured person to overuse health services because he has insurance
4. branches of gov't: Legislative- Congress, passes laws, controls spending and tax policy,
holds power to declare war
-for a bill to become law, both chambers of Congress must each pass a version of the bill. once
both chambers have passed a version, the 2 bills are referred to a conference committee,
which includes key relevant members of the House and Senate, to resolve the differences
between the bills. if consensus is achieved, a conference report is sent back to the House and
Senate for a vote. if it is passed in both chambers, the president can sign the bill into law or
veto. overriding a president's veto requires 2/3 vote in both the House and Senate
Executive- led by president, signs bills into law, responsible for enforcing laws through various
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