Comprehensive and detailed notes covering Chapter 4 of Biology 100 at Hunter College. Perfect for students seeking a deeper understanding of the material. Based on Professor Sheppard's slides - Everything said in her voice recordings is written in my notes !
6 must important chemical
elements of life :
Carbon , nitrogen , oxygen , hydrogen ,
of life Phosphate sulfur
Chapter 4 : Carbon and the molecular
diversity
,
Nonpolar >
-
hydrophobic
Chemistry forms the basis of living things polar hydrophilic
· >
-
of the work of
Simplification Stanley Miller
* Closed
System * Goal of the experiment was to see if molecules can
organic
·
be made outside of a
living organism
an electrical
sends
To refute another scientific
> discharge which
-
chamber ,
into the ·
purpose :
theory within the
community
lightning
.
Simulates
and support another
.
>
-
getscold, whichsee
>
- This
cooling
Purposeful in
process
order to
is
·
opposing theory that believed that in order to form organic
generate "rain"
molecules the process needs to be within
living thing
!
makes its down the a .
way ,
apparatus & into the flask.
inen the Sainter what we'll and her within this experimental design
·
,
that we are of a
is
removing the concept living organism
Experimental
- design : and
seeing
if we can still create complex
organic molecules
to simulate conditions
goal is on
early earth with in this system
· .
respect to evolution · So when it
and it was thought at that comes to the setup we have to conside
time that the atmosphere was rich in water vapor , the appropriate conditions need to be available in order
to form those complex
hydrogen gas methane , ,
and ammonia .
organic molecules.
These conditions will also lack and there was
oxygen ,
a
hypothesis that thought the absence of oxygen ipe reactions that lead to formation of these complex
would
organic
molecules from the simpler components that are added .
in
So what Can we create from the atmosphere that we've
generated with these simpler constricts ?
Resultasls home
message
is that there were complex
organic molecules that were able to be generated from
the
e
Simpler environmental conditions that were set up here .
closed able to
· It's a
system ,
no life and
,
we are
generate complex organic molecules
This experiment does Not mean that definitively life derived from So it shows that
was a
nonliving source
·
.
can be made outside of to with certainty that this
organic molecules a
living organism but there's
nothing say is
how life was created
. Only showing that it's possible .
accurate with respect to the
Thee flaws that didn't make
·
were some it
within the experiment
atmosphere.
, 1) Be able to briefly explain what the point of the experiment was
2) Consider the protocol (steps)
"We to have of
want water vapor, how do we
generate water vapor ? We're
going
source
-
a
gas , condensation
heat , we'll see state , liquid > water vapor
a
change in -
,
Thinking about all of the components and the role
they are playing
-
>
-
Consider what the expected conclusion would be if the experiment works , as well as if the
not work
experiment des .
the scientific work
changes to the experiment might improve diminish the efficiency
Consider how of
-
or .
Do not assume that all experiments become
factually incorporated into science.
-
Focusing on what's
happening in the
·
Outermost Shell (valence election) that we
find there .
·
different valence values >
-
These differences
are to ascribe certain properties
going ,
-
One of the most
atoins
important
behaviors ,
or desires to form certain bonds .
Carbon is to seek out the formation of 4
going
·
chemical bonds with other atoms in an attempt to
satisfy its outer most shell .
·
Applicable to other atoms
valence electrons are
playing an important role
·
in
behavior/properties and desires
·
Whether its hydrogen > has one
spot in which they
-
would love to have filled with an election
[ & ·
oxygen has 2 spots needed to fill
·
we can see that there is a correlation with the #
of electrons needed to fill the valence shell & the
# of bonds its capable of forming .
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