HIEU 2031 Final Prep
"First" Peloponnesian War - ANS-When: 460-445
Where: Greece
What: a series of conflicts and minor wars ex. Second sacred war
PPN league & Thebes vs. Athens and Argos
Causes: building of the long walls, Megara's defection from Sparta, Sparta's envy of Athens's
growth, end of 30 years peace with Argos
Results: 30-years peace between Athens and Sparta (lasted 15 years)
Sig: Athens ruled the land and Sparta ruled the sea, shows the growing tensions that led to the
PPN war
2nd Battle of Mantinea - ANS-what: epaminondas versus the spartans
where: arcadia
when 362 BC
sig: sparta restores reputation as superpower
acropolis - ANS-what: citadel, rocky outcrop that contains the Parthenon
where: outside Athens
when: 454
sig: Pericles moves the treasury of Delos to Athens. Athens attempts to demonstrate hegemony
when calling for a panhellenic meeting about temples on []
Aeschines - ANS-who: greek statesman and orator
where: athens
when: 389
sig: archenemy of demosthenes
Aeschylus - ANS-Who: playwright of the Oresteia, Prometheus Bound, etc. One of Athens' most
famous and successful playwrights
Where: Eleusis/Athens
When: 456 (died)
Sig: Along with the significance that can be connected to each of his plays, he took greatest
pride in his service at Marathon, asking for that (rather than any praise of his works) to be
placed on his grave. In this way exemplary of Athenian pride.
Agesilaus - ANS-who: king of sparta following ppn war
where: sparta
when: 360
sig: main actor during period of spartan hegemony
,Alcibiades - ANS-who: the man, the myth, the legend. the most handsome, most cunning, most
annoying and snake-like demagogue
where: originally from Athens
when: 415
sig: represents Athens: the glory, highs, and lows. leads Athens to its greatest defeat at the
Sicilian Expedition, and some of the greatest feats. A sophist, oligarch, democrat, jack of all
trades, annoyer of literally everyone
Alexander III of Macedon - ANS-who: greatest conqueror of the ancient world, son of Philip II
where: macedon
when: 356
sig: conquered practically the entirety of the known world, was a big fan of homer and timetic
values, offers a throwback to the timetic ideals of the dark ages
Alexandria - ANS-what: A city established by Alexander the Great
Where: Egypt
When: (Alexander died 323 BC)
Sig: Great city that becomes a hub of learning and exploration
Amphipolis - ANS-what: an important colony of Athens, key to its ambitions in Thrace. Brasidas
took it during the PPN war
where: Thrace
when: 424-22
sig: key in breaking Athens' ambitions. after losing this place and Delium, Athens no longer
contested that their time was equal to that of Sparta; Sparta wanted to reclaim the hostages
Athens had taken. Because each city had something the other wanted, they could negotiate the
Peace of Nicias
Archidamus - ANS-who: King of Sparta, leader of Spartans during Archidamian war (beginning
of the war through Peace of Nicias)
where: Sparta
when: 431-421
sig: led the Spartan invasions in 431,430,428, attempts to maintain spartan hegemony
Aristides - ANS-who: a man whose timetic superlative was being the most just
where: athens
when: 468
sig: because he was considered "the most just," the delian league's allies trusted him to go
around to fix tributes. Exemplifies the importance of time even past the times of Homer
Aristophanes - ANS-Who: An Athenian playwright, known for his comedic plays, satirization of
the Athenian politicians, and general opposition to the Peloponnesian war
Where: Athens
When: I think the dates of the Peloponnesian war would be most appropriate here
, Sig: Aristophanes gives us insight into the political workings of Athens during the Peloponnesian
war; it is one of the sources for how Athenians viewed themselves. The war wasn't universally
popular, and certain politicians had an incredible amount of power over Athenian politics
Aristophanes' Acharnians - ANS-What:the third play — and the earliest of the eleven surviving
plays — by the Athenian playwright Aristophanes
When: 425 BC
Where: Athens
Significance: Ridicules Pericles
Aristophanes' Peace - ANS-What: a play written by Aristophanes right before the declaration of
peace between Athens and Sparta - the main character asks the gods why they are letting
Greek destroy itself with war and they respond it is because Peace has been locked up and the
Gods have been alienated by the squabbling
When: 421 BC
Where: Athens
Significance: The play is notable for its joyous anticipation of peace and for its celebration of a
return to an idyllic life in the countryside
Aristotle - ANS-who: greek philosopher, taught by plato
where: chalcis
when: 322
sig: taught alexander the great
Athena Promachos - ANS-what: statue depicting Athena raised to thank the gods for a victory
where: Athens
when: 456
sig: wealth of athens, increasing power of Athens
Athenian Tribute Lists - ANS-what: lists recording the 1/60th of the tribute from the Delian
league that was dedicated to Athena promachos
where: Athens
when: 454
sig: demonstrates where the money for the Delian League and subsequently the Athenian
empire comes from. Demonstrates the tyranny that Athens begins to display
Autonomia - ANS-what: self ruling
where: in Thucydides' history
when: 411
sig: who should be allowed to rule, what is a just govt?
Babylon - ANS-what: place where alexander dies
where: present day iraq
when: 323
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