HIEU 201 Second Midterm MC
During the Middle Ages what were the tensions between the Eastern and Western Churches? -
ANS-The Great Schism - Resulted in the creation of Roman Catholic (West) and Eastern
Orthodox (East) division and was mostly due to the downfall of Rome and the breakup of the
Empire.
Early Church Fathers in Rome may include: - ANS-Apostolic Fathers: Pope Clement I, Ignatius
of Antioch, Polycarp, Hermas, Barnabas, and Papias.
How did Christianity come to dominate the Roman Empire? - ANS-Starting with Emperor
Constantine's conversion to Christianity after witnessing a cross in the sky along with his whole
army, and then the issuance of the edict of Milan in AD 313 (which accepted Christianity). Most
Romans followed their Emeperor's religion at the time resulting in dominance.
How did the first crusade start? - ANS-Pope Urban II called for the Crusade as a result of a call
for help from the Byzantine emperor. He made a speech in 1095 at Clermont, France calling for
crusade to take back Holy Land from the Seljuk Turks.
How many Crusades were there? - ANS-There were at least eight crusades, but the ninth
crusade is sometimes considered a part of the eighth crusade.
How were Christians and Jews treated under Muslim rule? - ANS-Mohammad saw Christians
and Jews as "people of the book" but they did have to pay 'poll' or religion taxes for having a
differing faith.
What are the differences between Sunni and Shia? - ANS-Sunni: Way of the Prophet, 90% of
Islamic population
Shia: Part of Ali, a violent group hated by the Sunni.
What are the Five Pillars of Islam? - ANS-Faith in Islam, Prayer seven times a day facing
Mecca, Alms to the poor and kind, Fasting intermittently and for events such as Ramadan,
Pilgrimage to Mecca once in each 'good' Muslim's lifetime.
What caused the Second Crusade? - ANS-Started in 1147 by Pope Eugenius III and ratified by
King Louis VII of France. Other than recapture Edessa from the Muslims, the goal was to
prevent capture of Jerusalem. This crusade failed to retake a wartorn Edessa from the
competent Muslim forces and greed of taking Damascus ultimately destroyed the Crusaders
forces.
What is Feudalism? - ANS-A political, economic and social system based on loyalty and military
service, given for amounts of land and based on a vassal-state.
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