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COMSAE level 2 111 with 100- correct answer
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COMSAE level 2 111 with 100- correct answer
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COMSAE level 2111 with 100%
correct answers
prevalence vs incidence
Prevalence - number of cases at a particular time
Incidence - number of new cases
odds ratio vs relative risk
odds ratio: for case control studies control for
disease and examine exposure
odds dz+ in exposed group/odds dz+ in unexposed
(a/b)/(c/d)
ratio is not a fraction! so the bottom number is not
the total its the unaffected
relative risk: for cohort studies that control for
exposures and examine who got the disease
,prob getting dz exposed/prob getting dz unexposed
a/(a+b) / c/(c+d)
When is an odds ratio used
case-control studies
When is a relative risk ratio used?
RCT or Cohort study
Delayed puberty in girls
Absence of secondary sexual characteristics by age
13
failure of menarche by 16
delayed puberty in males
no testicular growth has occurred by age 14 or no
skeletal growth spurt has occurred by age 18
, constitutional growth delay
MCC of growth delay. growth lags behind others in
same age but remains consistent. Often there is
family history
Will have delayed bone age
Bence-Jones proteinuria
tubular casts with foreign body giant cell reaction
light chains are toxic to the renal tubular
epithelium
occurs in MM
Multiple myeloma CRAB
C: hypercalcemia
R: renal involvement w/ proteinuria (amyloid)
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