Anatomy - study of structure (size, shape, color, weight, location, composition)
Physiology - study of function (the contribution to the body)
Why are anatomy and physiology studied together? - The structure of a part of the body often
reflects its function.
Homeostasis - maintaining a stable i...
Anatomy - study of structure (size, shape, color, weight, location, composition)
Physiology - study of function (the contribution to the body)
Why are anatomy and physiology studied together? - The structure of a part of the body often
reflects its function.
Homeostasis - maintaining a stable internal environment within the body
Two sub disciplines of anatomy - Cell biology and histology
Two sub disciplines of physiology - exercise physiology and immunology
List the six levels of structural organization - 1) Chemical Level (atoms & molecules)
ex. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
2) Cellular Level
ex. muscle cells
3) Tissue Level
ex. connective tissue
4) Organ Level
ex. heart
5) System Level
ex. Digestive System
6) Organism Level
ex. human
,List the 11 organ systems of the body - 1. Integumentary
2. Reproductive
3. Urinary
4. Digestive
5. Endocrine
6. Lymphatic
7. Skeletal
8. Nervous
9. Muscular
10. Cardiovascular
11. Respiratory
Which two organ systems serve as control centers in negative feedback loops controlling homeostasis? -
Cardiovascular System and Endocrine System
How is a person's homeostasis challenged throughout the day? - by either
-external environment i.e. heat
-internal environment i.e. skip breakfast - glucose level drops
List three components of a feedback loop - 1) receptor - monitors changes
2) control center - evaluates information received & generates commands
3) effector - produces a response
Negative feedback loops - reverses a change in a controlled condition or negates original stimulus
ex. Rise in blood pressure, heart rate increases
or room temp gets to hot, A/C kicks on
, Positive feedback loop - enhance a change in one of the body's controlled conditions
ex. labor contractions during birth of baby
or microphone detecting voice
Disorder - any abnormality of structure or function
Disease - illness characterized by a recognizable set of signs and symptoms
Symptom - subjective changes in body functions that are not apparent to an observer
ex. headache, nausea, dizziness
Sign - objective changes that is measurable and may not be obvious to patient but detectable by a
doctor
ex. fever, hypertension, elevated glucose level
Why do anatomy and physiology involve such a large collection of terms? - allows us to
communicate clearly and precisely
Describe standard anatomical position. - -facing observer
-standing upright
-legs slightly apart
-arms at side
-palms facing forward
Meaning of right and left in anatomy - when observing the body in anatomical position, the left of
the body is on the observer's right & vice versa
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