AP Biology- Genetics
1. Character - Definition: A character is a heritable feature that can be observed in an organism.
2. Trait - Definition: A trait is any detectable variation of a specific character.
3. True-Breeding - Definition: True-breeding refers to plants that consistently pro...
- Definition: A character is a heritable feature that can be observed in an organism.
2. Trait
- Definition: A trait is any detectable variation of a specific character.
3. True-Breeding
- Definition: True-breeding refers to plants that consistently produce offspring of the same variety
when self-pollinated.
4. Hybridization
- Definition: Hybridization is the process where an organism carries two different alleles for the same
gene.
5. P Generation
- Definition: The P generation is the parental generation used in genetic crosses.
6. F1 Generation
- Definition: The F1 generation, or first filial generation, consists of the hybrid offspring resulting from
the P generation.
7. F2 Generation
- Definition: The F2 generation, known as the second filial generation, is produced through the self-
pollination of F1 hybrids.
8. Alleles
- Definition: Alleles are various forms of a gene that can occupy a specific locus on a chromosome.
, 9. Punnett Square
- Definition: A Punnett Square is a graphical tool used to predict the allele composition of offspring
from a genetic cross between individuals with known genotypes.
10. Homozygous
- Definition: An organism is described as homozygous when it has a pair of identical alleles for a
particular character.
11. Heterozygous
- Definition: An organism is heterozygous if it possesses two different alleles for a specific gene.
12. Phenotype
- Definition: The phenotype refers to the visible traits or characteristics displayed by an organism.
13. Genotype
- Definition: The genotype is the genetic constitution of an organism, determining its phenotype.
14. Law of Independent Assortment
- Definition: This law stipulates that the segregation of one pair of alleles occurs independently of the
segregation of other allele pairs during gamete formation.
15. Rules of Multiplication
- Definition: The rules of multiplication state that the probability of two or more independent events
occurring simultaneously is found by multiplying the probabilities of each individual event.
16. Rules of Addition
- Definition: According to the rules of addition, the probabilities of two or more mutually exclusive
events can be determined by summing their individual probabilities.
17. Incomplete Dominance
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