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NUR 410 EXAM 3 With Complete Solutions Latest Update
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NUR 410 EXAM 3 With Complete Solutions Latest Update
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NUR 410 EXAM 3 With Complete Solutions LatestUpdate
ACS Guidelines for Cancer Screenings: Cervical - correct answers ACS recommends cervical cancer screening with an HPV
test alone every 5 years for everyone with a cervix from age 25 until age 65. If HPV testing alone is not available, people
can get screened with an HPV/Pap cotest every 5 years or a Pap test every 3 years.
ACS Guidelines for Cancer Screenings: Breast - correct answers Women ages 40 to 44 should have the choice to start
annual breast cancer screening with mammograms (x-rays of the breast) if they wish to do so.
Women age 45 to 54 should get mammograms every year.
Women 55 and older should switch to mammograms every 2 years, or can continue yearly screening.
Screening should continue as long as a woman is in good health and is expected to live 10 more years or longer.
All women should be familiar with the known benefits, limitations, and potential harms linked to breast cancer
screening.
ACS Guidelines for Cancer Screenings: Colon - correct answers Regular screening at age 45. This can be done either with
a sensitive test that looks for signs of cancer in a person's stool (a stool-based test), or with an exam that looks at the
colon and rectum (a visual exam).
If you're in good health, you should continue regular screening through age 75.
For people ages 76 through 85, talk with your health care provider about whether continuing to get screened is right for
you. When deciding, take into account your own preferences, overall health, and past screening history.
People over 85 should no longer get colorectal cancer screening.
ACS Guidelines for Cancer Screenings: Endometrial - correct answers at the time of menopause, all women should be
told about the risks and symptoms of endometrial cancer. Women should report any unexpected vaginal bleeding or
spotting to their doctors.
Some women - because of their history - may need to consider having a yearly endometrial biopsy. Please talk with a
health care provider about your history
,ACS Guidelines for Cancer Screenings: Lung - correct answers Are aged 55 to 74 years and in fairly good health and
Currently smoke or have quit smoking in the past 15 years and
Have at least a 30 pack-year smoking history. (A pack-year is 1 pack of cigarettes per day per year. One pack per day for
30 years or 2 packs per day for 15 years would both be 30 pack-years.)
ACS Guidelines for Cancer Screenings: Prostate - correct answers Starting at age 50, men should talk to a health care
provider about the pros and cons of testing so they can decide if testing is the right choice for them.
If you are African American or have a father or brother who had prostate cancer before age 65, you should have this talk
with a health care provider starting at age 45.
If you decide to be tested, you should get a PSA blood test with or without a rectal exam. How often you're tested will
depend on your PSA level.
Breast cancer early detection - correct answers Long term surveillance focuses on early detection
Women at high risk benefit from MRI and yearly mammogram
Clinical breast exams twice a year starting at age 25
Chemoprevention: Women at high risk Tamoxifen and raloxifene
Prophylactic mastectomy
breast cancer diagnosis - correct answers Early detection via self-examination and mammography
X-ray examination
American Cancer Society recommends screening every year for women 40 and over
U.S. Prevention Services Task Force on Breast Cancer Screening recommends 50 and over
Breast self-examination (BSE; "breast self-awareness") 5 to 7 days after menses
Mammography Annually after the age of 40 years Digital and 3D Contrast
Ultrasonography
MRI
Tissue analysis Percutaneous biopsy Fine-needle aspiration Core needle biopsy Stereotactic core biopsy Ultrasound-
guided core biopsy MRI core biopsy
Staging: TMN (tumor, nodes, metastasis)
,Chest x-ray, CT, MRI, PET, bone scan and blood work
Prognosis Tumor size Spread to the lymph nodes? Certain genes (ERBB2)
breast cancer treatment - correct answers radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, immunotherapy,
lumpectomy, mastectomy, or combo; 50% of women with breast cancer experience sexual problems resulting from
physical effects of therapy, lumpectomy, radical mastectomy, chemotherapy.
Tamoxifen ,progestin,androgen
Surgery:Modified radical mastectomy
Total mastectomy
Breast conservation treatment
Sentinel node biopsy and axillary lymph node dissection
Nonsurgical: Radiation therapy—external beam, brachytherapy
Chemotherapy
Hormonal therapy Estrogen and progesterone receptor assay Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs)—
tamoxifen Aromatase inhibitors—anastrazole, letrozole, exemestane
Targeted therapy
Reconstructive Procedures After Mastectomy - correct answers Tissue expander followed by permanent implant
Tissue transfer procedures Transverse rectus abdominal myocutaneous (TRAM) flap
Nipple-areola reconstruction
Prosthetics
Reconstructive breast surgery: mammoplasty Reduction, augmentation Mastopexy
Lung cancer diagnosis - correct answers Bronchcoscopy washings
Pleural fluid samples
Examination of tissue from biopsy
CXR
, Mass
Atelectasis
Mediastinal widening
Infiltrates
Pleural effusions
Cavitation
lung cancer treatment - correct answers surgery, radiation, chemotherapy
Colon Cancer Diagnosis - correct answers DRE, fecal occult blood test, sigmoidoscopy/colonoscopy, barium enema
Colon Cancer Diagnostic Test - correct answers • C.T & MRI scans - provide information about lymph node involvement
and spread beyond the colorectal region
• Annual Digital examination should be done in all people over 40
• About 2/3 of tumors can be detected by sigmoidoscopy with biopsy
Colon Cancer Treatment - correct answers If there's extracolonic involvement (Lymph Nodes or Mets) the treatment is
FOLFOX (5-Fu + Leucovorin + Oxaliplatin) or FOLFIRI.
Recently added to improve remission is Bevacizumab, a VEGF Inhibitor.
If there's no extracolonic involvement a simple resection is curative.
Colon Cancer Treatment - correct answers easy to treat; laparotomy (cut in the abdomen), colostomy, chemotherapy
(NO radiation due to sensitivity of region); exercise reduces risk of re-emergence
Colon Cancer Treatment - correct answers Surgical removal
Colostomy
Chemotherapy
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