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ACE Chapter 2 | Questions & Answers (100 %Score) Latest Updated 2024/2025 Comprehensive Questions A+ Graded Answers | 100% Pass

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ACE Chapter 2 | Questions & Answers (100 %Score) Latest Updated 2024/2025 Comprehensive Questions A+ Graded Answers | 100% Pass

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  • August 4, 2024
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ACE Chapter 2 | Questions & Answers (100 %Score) Latest Updated 2024/2025
Comprehensive Questions A+ Graded Answers | 100% Pass


benefits of physical activity - ✔✔improved cardiovascular function, lowered systolic/diastolic BP,
decreased body weight and fat mass, improved lipid profile, improved glucose control, decreased
anxiety and depression, enhanced feelings of well-being, decreased incidence of several cancers, and
decreased incidence of osteoporosis



physical activity - ✔✔any bodily movement that comes about from the contraction of skeletal muscle ad
that increases energy expenditure



Four components of physical fitness - ✔✔1. Muscular strength: one rep max; muscular endurance:
ability to exert force over a sustained period of time

2. cardiovascular/cardiorespiratory endurance: max capacity of the heart, blood, and lungs to deliver
oxygen and nutrients to the working muscles to produce energy

3. flexibility: ability to move joints in their full ROM

4. body composition: proportion of lean body mass to body fat (essential fat vs. storage fat)



hemoglobin - ✔✔a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen muscles throughout the body



Q = HR x SV - ✔✔cardiac output = heart rate (bpm) x stroke volume (quantity of blood pumped per
heart beat)



Average cardiac output - ✔✔at rest: 5L/min

during exercise: 20-25 L/min

high-intensity training: 30-40 L/min



slow-twitch muscle fibers - ✔✔specifically adapted for oxygen extraction, high endurance exercises, well
equipped for oxygen delivery and have a large amount of of aerobic enzymes, large number of
mitochondria and so are well designed for aerobic glycolysis and are used for low-intensity/long
duration exercises

, mitochondria - ✔✔where the aerobic production of ATP takes place, used for activities that require
sustained energy produyction



food's simplest components - ✔✔glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids



glycogen - ✔✔excess glucose that is stored in muscle or liver cells, eventually released for energy or
converted to fat and stored in adipose tissue (body fat)



ATP - ✔✔adenine triphosphate, breakdown of this allows the mechanical work known as muscular
contraction; almost continuously re-synthesized in the phosphagen system



phosphagen - ✔✔ATP and CP (creatine phosphate - breaks down to form ATP); without continual
resynthesizing, there would only be about 10 seconds worth of all-out exertion energy stored in the
body



anaerobic glycolysis - ✔✔anaerobic production of ATP from carbohydrate, does not require oxygen,
uses the energy contained in glucose for the formation for ATP, provides an intermediate energy system
between the phosphagen system and the aerobic production of ATP in the mitochondria



"the burn" - ✔✔high intensity exercise means large amounts of o2 are not available and therefore the
pyruvate produced during the creation of ATP can be converted into lactate which changes the muscle
pH and contributes to muscle fatigue



aerobic glycolysis - ✔✔occurs within mitochondria, used for sustained energy production, also available
to break down fatty acids (aka fatty acid oxidation or beta oxidation)



Respriratory exchange ration - ✔✔marker of the proportion of fat or carbs that is being used for fuel at
different exercise intensities, RER is the ratio of carbon dioxide produced relative to the amount of
oxygen consumed, (CO2/O2), at rest RER = 0.75, common submaximal intensity RER = 0.83, high
intensity RER 0.92, only indicative during steady state conditions



VO2 Max - ✔✔measure of oxygen consumption at maximal levels of exertion, aka maximal aerobic
capacity, represented as mL of O2 consumed per kg of body weight per minute (mL/kg/min) OR L/min

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