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NUTR 251 Questions And Answers Latest Update
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NUTR 251 Questions And Answers Latest Update
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NUTR 251 Questions And Answers Latest UpdateSix Classes of Nutrients
carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, water
Shared characteristic between macronutrients
Energy Yielding
How are vitamins classified?
fat soluble and water soluble
How do minerals differ from the other nutrients? (not including water)
Very simple and INORGANIC
Phytochemical (nonessential)
Physiologically active compound in plants that may provide health benefits
Zoochemical (nonessential)
Physiologically active compound in foods of animal origin that may provide health benefits
calorie
Amount of energy needed to raise temperature 1 gram of water 1 degree C
kilocalorie (kcal)
A quantity of heat equal to 1,000 calories. Used to measure the energy content of food, it is usually called a "Calorie."
What type of food provides most of the protein in the diets of North Americans?
Animal sources such as: meat, seafood, dairy, eggs
Which types of carbohydrates do most North Americans need to increase in their diets?
Starch and fiber
Which vitamins and minerals do many North Americans need to increase in their diets?
Vitamin A, vitamin E, iron, potassium, and calcium. While reducing sodium intake
What factors effect food choices?
Flavor, texture, appearance
Culture
Lifestyle
Routines and habits
,Food cost and availability
Environment
Food marketing
Health and nutrition concerns
Undernutrition
nutrient intake does not meet needs
Overnutrition
nutrient intake exceeds needs
Sign vs. Sypmtom
a feature that can be observed vs. a change in body function that is not necessarily apparent
What are the ABCDEs of nutritional assessment?
Anthropometric assessment
Biochemical Assessment
Clinical
Dietary
Environmental
What are 3 limitations of nutritional assessment?
1. S&S is not specific
2. Takes time for S&S to develop. Difficult to establish a link
3. a long time may elapse between the initial development of poor nutritional health and the first clinical evidence
What should you expect when you meet with a nutrition professional?
- conduct a nutritional assessment
- diagnose nutrition-related problem
- create an intervention
- monitor and evaluate progress
What is the role of genes?
they provide the blueprint for the production of cell proteins. The nucleus of the cell contains ~30,000 genes
What are 3 chronic nutrition-related diseases with a genetic link?
, Diabetes
Cancer
CVD
What is a genogram?
A family tree of illnesses and deaths
What is the difference between single- and double-blind studies?
In a single blind study, the participants in the clinical trial do not know if they are receiving the placebo or the real
treatment
In a double-blind study, both the participants and the experimenters do not know which group got the placebo and
which got the experimental treatment
What elements are required for scientific research to be considered valid?
Phenomena are observed
Questions are asked and a hypothesis is generated
Research is conducted
Incorrect explanations are rejected and the most likely explanation is proposed
Research results are scrutinized
Results are confirmed by other scientists and more experiments
What is an animal model?
a disease in lab animals that mimics humans and can be studied for health
What is a peer-reviewed journal?
Journal that publishes only after researchers who were not part of the study agree that the study was carefully designed
and executed and the results are presented in an unbiased, objective manner
How are systematic reviews used?
Critical evaluation and synthesis of research focusing on a specific topic or research question
What are 5 tips for determining whether nutrition claims are true?
1. Apply basic knowledge
2. Be wary if answer is yes to (is this a new breakthrough? a secret? only advantageous? Too good to be true?)
3. Examine the scientific credentials
4. If research is cited to support a claim, note the size and duration
5. Be wary of hype
Why does DSHEA make it wise to be cautious about dietary supplements?
Because rather than having to be proven safe before sale, FDA must prove it is unsafe. There is not rigorous regulation.
What percentage of total energy expenditure is spent on basal metabolism?
60-70%
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