Egoism Theory correct answers Focuses solely on her own self interests and the consequences of the decision to herself. The bottom line question that she would ask is, "What decision produces the best results for me?"
Relativism Theory correct answers Focuses on the social group which she uses a...
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Egoism Theory correct answers Focuses solely on her own self interests and the consequences of
the decision to herself. The bottom line question that she would ask is, "What decision produces
the best results for me?"
Relativism Theory correct answers Focuses on the social group which she uses as a reference.
This group could be as narrowly defined as a family or clique of friends, or it could be as wide as
a local or state community. The decision criteria could be either the consequences of the decision
or some principles. She would argue that there is no "right" answer to an ethical dilemma
because the decision depends on the reference group's code of conduct.
Utilitarianism Theory correct answers Has a universal focus, but this focus is only on the
consequences of the decision. She strives to find the conclusion that provides the greatest good
for the greatest number.
Justice or Fairness Theory correct answers A decision maker adopting this theory has a universal
focus, but unlike the utilitarian, this focus is on principles and standards. In making a decision,
she would ask, "Does this action treat everyone in the same way or does it favor one person or
group over another?"
Rights Theory correct answers Similar to the justice theory. The focus again is universal and is
on principles and standards. The main tenet is that humans have the innate dignity to choose
freely how they live their lives, and this (and other rights) must be upheld at all costs. The
decision maker would ask, "Does this decision respect the rights of everyone?"
Conclusion, justifications correct answers An important note is that different ethical theories
often lead to the same _________ to an ethical dilemma, but they provide different
_____________ for the decision.
Utilitarian Approach correct answers Conceived in the 19th century by Jeremy Bentham and
John Stuart Mill to help legislators determine which laws were morally best. Both Bentham and
Mill suggested that ethical actions are those that provide the greatest balance of good over evil.
Rights Approach correct answers Roots in the philosophy of the 18th-century thinker Immanuel
Kant and others like him, who focused on the individual's right to choose for herself or himself.
According to these philosophers, what makes human beings different from mere things is that
people have dignity based on their ability to choose freely what they will do with their lives, and
they have a fundamental moral right to have these choices respected.
The Right to Truth correct answers We have a right to be told the truth and to be informed about
matters that significantly affect our choices.
The Right of Privacy correct answers We have the right to do, believe, and say whatever we
choose in our personal lives so long as we do not violate the rights of others.
, The Right not to Be Injured correct answers We have the right not to be harmed unless we freely
and knowingly do something to deserve punishment or we freely and knowingly choose to risk
such injuries.
The Right to what is agreed correct answers We have a right to what has been promised by those
with whom we have freely entered into a contract or agreement.
Fairness or Justice Approach correct answers Roots in the teachings of the ancient Greek
philosopher Aristotle, who said that "equals should be treated equally and unequals unequally."
The basic moral question in this approach is: Does it treat everyone in the same way, or does it
show favoritism and discrimination?
Common-Good Approach correct answers Assumes a society comprising individuals whose own
good is inextricably linked to the good of the community. Community members are bound by the
pursuit of common values and goals.
Favoritism correct answers Gives benefits to some people without a justifiable reason for
singling them out
Discrimination correct answers Imposes burdens on some people who are no different from those
on whom burdens are not imposed
Virtue Approach correct answers Assumes that there are certain ideals toward which we should
strive, which provide for the full development of our humanity. These ideals are discovered
through thoughtful reflection on what kind of people we have the potential to become. What kind
of person should I be? What will promote the development of character within myself and my
community?
Virtues correct answers Attitudes or character traits that enable us to be and to act in ways that
develop our highest potential. They enable us to pursue the ideals we have adopted. Honesty,
courage, compassion, generosity, fidelity, integrity, fairness, self-control, and prudence are all
examples of virtues.
What benefits and what harms will each course of action produce, and which alternative will lead
to the best overall consequences?
What moral rights do the affected parties have, and which course of action best respects those
rights?
Which course of action treats everyone the same, except where there is a morally justifiable
reason not to, and does not show favoritism or discrimination?
Which course of action advances the common good?
Which course of action develops moral virtues? correct answers What five questions should we
ask ourselves when trying to resolve a moral issue?
Deontological Evaluation correct answers The individual evaluates the inherentrightness or
wrongness of the behaviors implied by each alternative. The process involves comparing each
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