Modernism - ✔✔Goal: to identify the truth of the world and of human behavior
epistemology: therapists as experts who takes charge of and sets goals for therapy
Modern Systemic assumptions - ✔✔Problems are contextually based, existing in a system,
circular rather than linear causality
families move through normative stages of development
symptoms are metaphorical
symptoms are system-maintained and system-maintaining
necessity of 2nd order change
correct family structure
Ludwig von Bertalanffy - ✔✔Hungarian biologist and creator of general systems theory
Wiener - ✔✔creator of cybernetics
Gregory Bateson - ✔✔English anthropologist and ethnologist; first applied concepts of cybernetics to
social and behavioral sciences
Don Jackson - ✔✔pioneer in family therapy; described families as "cybernetically rule-governed
systems"
Boundaries - ✔✔patterns of behaviors that define the relationships in the system and characterizes the
relationships
Causality - ✔✔circular- problems occur by a number of different factors that maintain the system
1st order change - ✔✔minor structural change in a system, the change does not stay for long
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