What is infectious disease surveillance? - Ongoing collection, analysis, and interpretation of infectious
disease-related data coordinated with the timely dissemination of data to those responsible for
preventing and controlling the data.
Why do surveillance for infectious disease? - - detecting outbreaks
- helps evaluate effectiveness of control measures
What is involved for infectious disease surveillance? - - the patient
- physician
- hospital/clinic
- county health department
- state health department
- centers for disease control and prevention in the USA
- World Health Organization
What are the two main types of surveillance? - Passive: routine reporting by diagnostic labs to
surveillance organizations
-Case reports go to state, federal health agencies
-fairly inexpensive, covers large areas
-provides critical information for monitoring disease frequency and trends
-requires a decent health care infrastructure
Active:Is done when an outbreak is in progress.
- higher level public health agencies (county, state, federal) contact clinics for information about specific
diseases
-provides information rapidly, but is labor intensive and expensive
What is syndromic surveillance? Purpose? - A new type of passive surveillance.
,Surveillance for health-related data that may precede reporting of diagnosed cases
- non-clinical data may be used
- data may be just as accurate as traditional surveillance methods
The purpose is a more rapid detection of an outbreak/bioterror event. Can also monitor progression of a
disease outbreak.
What is Global surveillance? - WHO
- provides a legal framework to require all countries to detect and contain infectious disease outbreaks
- global rules to enhance global public health security
- has guidelines for declaring global health emergencies
How does WHO get global data? - 1. routine surveillance
2. GPHIN
3. ProMED
4. GOARN
What is GPHIN and what does it do? - Global public health information network.
1. scans global news, web
2. filtering and sorting
3. review for relevancy
Example of a Syndromic surveillance
What does ProMED do? - - Receives information from public health reports, media, ID docs - people in
the field
- Expert reviewers act as moderators
- All vetted reports are e-mailed to subscribers, posted on web
, What is GOARN and what does it do? - Global Outbreak Alert and Response Network.
- Run by WHO
- Over 120 institutions participate to report and RESPOND to outbreaks
What are 4 factors that prevent effective global surveillance? - 1. Financial resources lacking
2. lack of healthcare infrastructure
3. Technical issues
- no diagnostic tests for many diseases
- poor communications networks
4. Political - negative economic consequences act as a disincentive to report disease outbreaks - many
people won't travel there then
What solution came from International health regulation come up with surveillance? - Low and middle
income countries should be given money specifically for surveillance of infectious diseases.
Why do we care about the health of others across the planet? - - Economic opportunities
- Diseases spread
- Ethical/moral
- Better relations
How do we define Health according to WHO? - Health is the state of complete physical, mental, and
social well-belling and not merely the absence of disease.
What is public health? - The science and art of protecting and improving the health of communities
through education, promotion of healthy lifestyles, and research for disease and injury prevention.
What is global health? - - deals with health issues that transcend national boundaries
- seeks to understanding links between health, education, development and poverty
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