Poverty line in the US - $25,000 per family of 4 per year
Is development linked to better health outcomes? - Yes
What is the link between infectious disease burden and economic wealth? Exception? - USUALLY higher
per capita GDP and higher life expectancy
Exception: 19th century England
- 1780-1880: Industrialization led to steady economic growth
--> increase in GDP and GNI per capita
--> Migration of people to cities for increased wages
What is the death rate of people age 0-14 in low vs middle vs high income countries? - low: 40%
middle: 15%
high: 1%
What was the period of the fastest economic growth? What was the effect on health? - 1820-1870
-No improvement in health was seen
-Life expectancy was worse in the cities due to crowding and poor sanitation
-Infectious disease became more common (infant diarrhea, typhoid, LRI, Typhus, Cholera)
,-Rural poor moved in, educated upper class moved out
Rapid economic growth between 1820-1870 resulted in...
Overall takeaway? - disruption, deprivation, disease, and death to those in the cities
***Industrialization is ALWAYS disruptive
Who were Edwin Chadwick and John Snow?What was the result? - People who stood up to improve
health conditions in the city in London
Edwin Chadwick: argued that healthy workers were good for business
John Snow: showed contaminated water transmitted disease
Result: Built a sewage system
What was the wealthy's reaction to building a quality sewer system? - They resisted the development of
a sewer system because...
-wealthy were not involved
-didn't want higher taxes
-benefits weren't clear
-nor the business of government (government is intervening in people's lives)
What was the big stink of 1858? - Hot summer that made the sewage around the city smell even worse
than normal, so Parliament approved a sewer system, which was completed in 1870
(when the wealthy were finally impacted from unsanitary conditions)
,Development and industrialization are linked to better health outcomes, but development is
__________________ and can bring ______________, _________________, and _________________.
What is they key to good health after development and industrialization? - Disruptive
Deprivation, Disease, Death
Good economic and political management to provide for public health
In 1800, how big was the difference between the highest per capita GDP and lowest per capita GDP? -
England had GDP 4x Africa
Percentage of GDP growth per year for the US vs Africa? How big is the difference between these 2
places today? - US - 1.7%
Africa - 0.7%
US GDP 40x Africa
What accounts for the more rapid economic growth of the US and developed countries? - Faster growth
is attributed to:
-Technology based industrialization (using knowledge and technology to become more productive)
Ex: cell phones, machines
How does poverty at the individual and family level impact the ability to combat malaria? - -Cannot
afford drugs/medications/bed nets
-Walk long distances to see a doctor (limited hospital access and locations)
-No health care
How does sickness and death due to malaria impact a family's ability to thrive economically? - -They
keep buying medication, so they have less money for other things
-They cannot work due to sickness
, -Decreased productivity of both children and adults
-Funeral costs
In what ways might malaria impact a business economically? - -Workers contract disease and are unable
to work
-Children get disease and workers cannot come in because caring for sick children
-General economic suppressor
How might malaria impact the economy of a country? - -People spending less because they are spending
money on survival
-Less productivity -> taxes decrease, less government intervention
Eliminating malaria from sub-saharan africa could increase per capita growth rate by how much? - 2.6%
per year
Capital (economics)
-def
-3 types - Anything of value that can be used to produce income
Physical: material items
Financial: money
Human: knowledge, skills
Ways to increase income/capital? (4) - -Save (investments, increased productivity)
-Trade (variety in diet)
-Better technology
-Resource use (harvest trees, selling water)
Ways to decrease income/capital? (5) - -Lack of savings (no investments)
-Absence of trade (stuck with whatever you have)
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