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APSC 151 midterm review | Questions & Answers (100 %Score) Latest Updated 2024/2025 Comprehensive Questions A+ Graded Answers | With Expert Solutions
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APSC 151 midterm review | Questions & Answers (100 %Score) Latest Updated 2024/2025 Comprehensive Questions A+ Graded Answers | With Expert Solutions

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  • August 4, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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APSC 151 midterm review | Questions & Answers (100 %Score) Latest Updated 2024/2025
Comprehensive Questions A+ Graded Answers | With Expert Solutions

Uniformitarianism - the theory that changes in the earth's crust during geological history have resulted
from the action of continuous and uniform processes.



Catastrophism - the theory that changes in the earth's crust during geological history have resulted
chiefly from sudden violent and unusual events.



Milankovitch Theory - a theory to explain variations in climate are a result of

1) variation in the shape of Earth's orbit around the sun;

2) changes in the angle of earths axis



relative dating - events are placed in order without knowing age.



Law of Superposition - The geologic principle that states that in horizontal layers of sedimentary rock,
each layer is older than the layer above it and younger than the layer below it.

**OLDER LAYERS ARE LOWER**



Principle of Original Horizontality - Sediments are originally deposited in flat horizontal layers. (layers
with folds have been disturbed)



principle of cross-cutting relationships - younger features cut across older features (ex a dyke/fault
cutting across sediment layers)



Lithosphere - the rigid outer part of the earth, consisting of the crust and upper mantle. Makes up
tectonic plates



Asthenosphere - plastic solid layer below the lithosphere. Subdivision of the mantle



Mesosphere - Lower part of the mantle between the asthenosphere and the core. more liquidy than
asthenosphere.

, Core - Inner most layer of earth. Liquid outer portion, solid inner portion. composed of mainly iron and
nickel



Expanses of time (4 biggest to smallest) - 1) Eon

2) Era

3) Period

4) Epoch



Hadeon Eon - The earliest period in Earth's history (4.5 to 3.8 billion years ago), unstable crust, no life



Archaen Eon - 3.8 - 2.5 billion years ago, constant volcanic activity, no continents, atmosphere of
methane, bacteria begin to produce oxygen



Phanerozoic Eon - most recent eon, started 542 million years ago. made up of 3 eras

paleozoic -> fish

mesozoic -> dinosaurs

cenozoic -> mammals



Ediacaren Period - end of precambrian

oldest period named



Cambrian Period - - start of Paleozoic

- end of phanerozoic

- 542 mya

- complex mobile life forms

- teeth!



Ordovician Period - 488 - 444 mya

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