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Nursing fundamentals: pharmacology Questions And Answers With Verified Solutions (GRADED A+).
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Nursing fundamentals: pharmacology Questions And Answers With Verified Solutions (GRADED A+).
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Nursing fundamentals: pharmacology Questions AndAnswers With Verified Solutions (GRADED A+).
Pharmacology - ANSWER The study of drugs and their interactions with living systems or the
science of drug affects
Pharmacotherapeutics - ANSWER The desired or therapeutic effect of the drug, the indication
for giving a drug
Pharmacokinetics - ANSWER The study of the changes that occur to the drug while it is inside
of the body. Four phases, absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion
Pharmacodynamics - ANSWER Effects of the drug on the body
How are drugs classified - ANSWER According to shared characteristics. Chemical ingredients,
physiological effects on the body, therapeutic medications desired effect or use in therapy
Enteral - ANSWER The G.I. tract is used for ingestion and absorption of drugs(oral,NG,G tube)
Parenteral - ANSWER Circumvents the G.I. tract, injections, intravenous
Topical - ANSWER Also bypasses the G.I. tract, includes skin or mucous membranes,
installations, irrigations, inhalations
What is the first pass effect - ANSWER Portion of the med is diverted to liver before it hits the
bloodstream metabolism more significant with first dose
Advantages of oral route - ANSWER Most common, safest, least expensive, subject to the first
pass effect, multiple preparations.
parenteral route - ANSWER Bypasses the G.I. track and avoids the first pass effect, fast
absorption rapid onset, breaks skin barrier involves sterile technique, patient anxiety, expensive
Advantages of topical route - ANSWER Applied to circumscribed area of body, multiple
preparations, local or systemic effects, local irritation, always wear gloves when administering, safe
disposal of patches
What factors affect absorption of a drug - ANSWER Route of administration, solubility of the
drug, PH and Ionization, blood flow to the site of the drug administration
What factors affect distribution of a drug - ANSWER Protein binding capabilities of a drug can
alter the drugs distribution, blood flow to the target tissues, drugs ability to enter the target tissue
through the capillary membrane
What factors affect metabolism of a drug - ANSWER Drug is converted to a less active form
which can be excreted from the body
Metabolism occurs primarily in the liver by cytochrome p-450 enzymes
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