Nursing Pharmacology Exam 1 questions and answers
with verified solutions latest update 2024/2025.
7 rights of medication administration - ANSWER right dose, right patient, right time, right med,
right documentation, right route, right to refuse
first pass effect - ANSWER metabolism in the liver of a drug absorbed from the GI tract before
the drug reaches circulation which reduces bioavailability to less than 100%
high first pass - ANSWER much of the drug is changed to inactive metabolites in the liber and
less is available for use
enteral - ANSWER absorbed from the lining of the stomach or intestinal mucosa
parenteral - ANSWER absorbed via injection, fasted route
topical - ANSWER application on body surfaces, uniform amount over period of time
bioavailability - ANSWER amount of drug available for use in the body
bioequivalent - ANSWER two medications of the same concentration of active ingredients
pregnancy category A - ANSWER no risk to human fetus
pregnancy category B - ANSWER no risk to animal fetus, human info is not available
pregnancy category C - ANSWER adverse effects in animal fetus, human info is not available
pregnancy category D - ANSWER possible human fetus risk, benefit/risk analysis
pregnancy category X - ANSWER human fetal abnormalities reported. NOT USED IN PREGNANT
WOMEN
neonate/peds absorption differences - ANSWER gastric pH is less acidic, gastric emptying
slowed, IM absorption is faster and irregular
neonate/peds distribution differences - ANSWER greater amount of body water content means
less fat content, decreased protein binding, immature BBB (allows more drugs into the brain)
neonate/peds metabolism differences - ANSWER immature liver, older children increased
metabolism and may require higher dose
neonate/peds excretion differences - ANSWER immature kidneys, decreased perfusion rate of
the kidneys = reduce excretion of drugs
neonate/peds general differences - ANSWER thin permeable skin, stomach lacks acid to kill
bacteria, lungs have weak mucous barriers, poorly regulated temperature, easily dehydrated
cultural considerations - ANSWER influence on genetics and drug response, polymorphism,
compliance level, environmental and economic considerations, diverse barriers to health services
with verified solutions latest update 2024/2025.
7 rights of medication administration - ANSWER right dose, right patient, right time, right med,
right documentation, right route, right to refuse
first pass effect - ANSWER metabolism in the liver of a drug absorbed from the GI tract before
the drug reaches circulation which reduces bioavailability to less than 100%
high first pass - ANSWER much of the drug is changed to inactive metabolites in the liber and
less is available for use
enteral - ANSWER absorbed from the lining of the stomach or intestinal mucosa
parenteral - ANSWER absorbed via injection, fasted route
topical - ANSWER application on body surfaces, uniform amount over period of time
bioavailability - ANSWER amount of drug available for use in the body
bioequivalent - ANSWER two medications of the same concentration of active ingredients
pregnancy category A - ANSWER no risk to human fetus
pregnancy category B - ANSWER no risk to animal fetus, human info is not available
pregnancy category C - ANSWER adverse effects in animal fetus, human info is not available
pregnancy category D - ANSWER possible human fetus risk, benefit/risk analysis
pregnancy category X - ANSWER human fetal abnormalities reported. NOT USED IN PREGNANT
WOMEN
neonate/peds absorption differences - ANSWER gastric pH is less acidic, gastric emptying
slowed, IM absorption is faster and irregular
neonate/peds distribution differences - ANSWER greater amount of body water content means
less fat content, decreased protein binding, immature BBB (allows more drugs into the brain)
neonate/peds metabolism differences - ANSWER immature liver, older children increased
metabolism and may require higher dose
neonate/peds excretion differences - ANSWER immature kidneys, decreased perfusion rate of
the kidneys = reduce excretion of drugs
neonate/peds general differences - ANSWER thin permeable skin, stomach lacks acid to kill
bacteria, lungs have weak mucous barriers, poorly regulated temperature, easily dehydrated
cultural considerations - ANSWER influence on genetics and drug response, polymorphism,
compliance level, environmental and economic considerations, diverse barriers to health services
