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NR606 WEEK 4 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
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NR606 WEEK 4 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
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NR606 WEEK 4 QUESTIONS ANDANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
develop schizophrenia - ANSWER -Many genes play a role
• as do epigenetic factors
• Heritability as high as 79%
-gene-environment interaction
-Environmental Triggers:
• Regular Cannabis Use
• Exposure to Early Life Trauma
➣Sexual Abuse
➣Emotional Abuse
➣Emotional Neglect
➣Bullying
schizophrenia Neuroanatomy - ANSWER -Mesocortical & ventromedial prefrontal cortex: negative and
affective symptoms
-Dorsolateral: cognitive symptoms
-Orbitofrontal & connections to the amygdala: aggressive, impulsive symptoms
Brain Circuits Affected in Schizophrenia: - ANSWER -Dopamine Pathways
• explain the (+) & (-) symptoms seen in schizophrenia & psychosis
Dopamine Role in Psychosis - ANSWER -leading hypothesis
• psychosis & schizophrenia associated with dysfunction of neurotransmitter dopamine (DA)
➣Traditionally surplus of dopamine
,Glutamate Role in Psychosis - ANSWER -primary excitatory neurotransmitter
-implicated in the overactivity of mesolimbic DA pathway in schizophrenia
-Glutamate hypoactivity may result in lost activation of the mesocortical dopamine pathway leading to
negative symptoms of schizophrenia
GABA is the primary _________ neurotransmitter - ANSWER inhibitory
Clinical domains of psychosis symptoms: Positive Symptoms - ANSWER -Hallucinations
-Delusions
-Thought disorder
-Hostility
-Excitability
Clinical domains of psychosis symptoms: Motor Symptoms - ANSWER -Motor delay
-Dyscoordination
-EPS, e.g.
• Parkinsonism
• Dyskinesia
Clinical domains of psychosis symptoms: Affective Symptoms - ANSWER -Depression
-Anxiety
-Suicidality
Clinical domains of psychosis symptoms: Cognition - ANSWER -Attention
-Working memory
-Verbal memory
-Visual memory
-Executive functioning
-Processing speed
, -Social conditioning
Clinical domains of psychosis symptoms: Negative Symptoms - ANSWER -Affective flattening
-Alogia
-Anhedonia
-Amotivation
-Asociality
Hallucinations: - ANSWER -perceptual experiences in the absence of external stimuli
• Auditory
• Visual
• Tactile (feeling)
• Olfactory
• Gustatory (tasting)
Delusions: - ANSWER -fixed false, irrational beliefs
• Persecution: delusions related to being threatened, victimized, or spied on
• Reference: delusions related to receiving personal messages from television (tv), radio, or actions of
others
• Somatic: delusions related to the body, including illness or the presence of foreign objects (e.g.
Sometimes people believe there are objects in their bodies; for example they might think they are
infested with insects.)
• Grandeur: delusions related to beliefs of special abilities or powers
• Control: delusions that actions and thoughts are controlled by others
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