100% satisfaction guarantee Immediately available after payment Both online and in PDF No strings attached
logo-home
Previously searched by you
Previously searched by you
logo
NURS 5315 Advanced Pathophysiology Test 1 | Questions & Answers (100 %Score) Latest Updated 2024/2025 Comprehensive Questions A+ Graded Answers | With Expert Solutions $13.48
Add to cart
Quickly navigate to
Preview
  2.  
  3. NURS 5315
  4.  
  5. NURS 5315

Exam (elaborations)

NURS 5315 Advanced Pathophysiology Test 1 | Questions & Answers (100 %Score) Latest Updated 2024/2025 Comprehensive Questions A+ Graded Answers | With Expert Solutions
 0 purchase
  • Module
  • NURS 5315
  • Institution
  • NURS 5315

NURS 5315 Advanced Pathophysiology Test 1 | Questions & Answers (100 %Score) Latest Updated 2024/2025 Comprehensive Questions A+ Graded Answers | With Expert Solutions

Preview 2 out of 12  pages

Document information

  • August 4, 2024
  • 12
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

Subjects

  • nurs 5315 advanced pathophysiology test 1 questi

Written for

  • NURS 5315
  • NURS 5315

Seller

avatar-seller
VasilyKichigin

Reviews received

Content preview

NURS 5315 Advanced Pathophysiology Test 1 | Questions & Answers (100 %Score) Latest
Updated 2024/2025 Comprehensive Questions A+ Graded Answers | With Expert Solutions


Ovarian cancer site of metastasis? - Peritoneal surfaces, omentum (fold of peritoneum
connecting the stomach with other abdominal organs), *liver*

The increased NADH/NAD+ ratio in the liver from ethanol causes: - 1. Pyruvate -->
lactic acid, causing lactic acidosis
2. Oxaloacetate --> malate. This prevents gluconeogenesis and leads to hypoglycemia
3. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate --> glycerol 3- phosphate and combines with fatty acids
to form triglycerides in the liver, known as hepatosteatosis
4. Decreases citric acid cycle production of NADH and leads to using Acetyl-CoA for
ketogenesis and lipogenesis

What can Reactive Oxygen Species cause? - Heart disease, Alzheimers, Parkinsons,
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), CV disease, HTN, HLD, DM, ischemic heart
disease, HF, OSA. Lipid perioxidation, damage proteins, fragment DNA, less *protein
synthesis*, chromatin destruction, damage mitochondria

What is the body's defense against ROS? - Antioxidants (Vitamin E, Vitamin C,
cysteine, glutathione, albumin, ceruloplasmin, transferrin)

How are free radicals produced? - 1. Normal cellular respiration
2. Absorption of extreme energy sources (radiation, UV light)
3. Metabolism of exogenous chemicals, drugs, and pesticides
4. Transition of metals
5. Nitric oxide acting like a chemical mediator and a free radical

action potential - Process of conducting an impulse. Activates the neuron --> the neuron
depolarizes --> then repolarizes

Threshold potential - Point at which depolarization must reach in order to initiate an
action potential

Hypokalemia and action potentials - HYPERpolarized (more negative, ex. -100). Less
excitable. Decreased neuromuscular excitability: weakness, smooth muscle atony,
paresthesia, cardiac dysrhythmias

Hyperkalemia and action potentials - HYPOpolarized (more positive, ex: closer to 0).
More excitable. Peaked T waves.
When resting membrane potential=threshold potential, it is BAD = cardiac standstill,
paresthesia, paralysis

Hypocalcemia and action potentials - Increased permeability to Na+. More excitable.
Tetany, hyperreflexia, circumoral paresthesia, seizures, dysrhythmias.

, Hypercalcemia and action potentials - Decreased permeability to Na+. Less excitable.
Weakness, hyporeflexia, fatigue, lethargy, confusion, encephalopathy, depressed T
waves

Atrophy - Occurs as a result of decrease in work load, pressure, use, blood supply,
nutrition, hormonal stimulation, or nervous stimulation. Once the cell has decreased in
size, it has now compensated for decreased blood supply, nerve supply, nutrient supply,
hormonal supply, and has achieved new homeostasis. Cells are alive but have
diminished function and may lead to cellular death.

Atrophy examples - Physiologic atrophy- shrinking of the thymus gland during
childhood.
Disuse atrophy- someone that ends up being paralyzed

Hypertrophy - Increase in SIZE of cells, which will lead to increase in size of organ.
Caused by hormonal stimulation or increased functional demand.

Hypertrophy examples - physiologic hypertrophy- skeletal hypertrophy when a person
does heavy work or weight lifting / when a kidney is surgically removed, the other kidney
increases in size
pathologic hypertrophy- cardiomegaly results from an increased workload in
hypertensive patients / *left ventricular hypertrophy*

Hyperplasia - Increase in NUMBER of cells. Results from increased rate of mitosis. Can
ONLY happen in cells that are capable of mitosis (cell division).

Hyperplasia examples - 1. Thickening of skin because of hyperplasia of epidermal cells.
2. Hormonal hyperplasia- occurs in estrogen dependent organs like uterus and breast.
3. Compensatory hyperplasia- liver regenerates, callus on skin
4. Pathologic hyperplasia- estrogen is unopposed by progesterone and the endometrial
lining undergoes hyperplasia and increased risk for endometrial cancer

Dysplasia - abnormal changes in the size, shape, and organization of mature cells due
to persistent, severe cell injury or irritation

Dysplasia examples - Pre cancer pap smears often show dysplastic cells of the cervix
that must undergo treatment.

Metaplasia - Changed cell that is REVERSIBLE (one cell is replaced by another cell).
Exposure to chronic stressors, injury or irritation, like smoking or hydrochloric acid from
heart burn

Metaplasia examples - Most common is change from columnar cells to squamous cells
(chronic smokers).

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller VasilyKichigin. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for $13.48. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

68175 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy revision notes and other study material for 15 years now

Start selling

Recently viewed by you

Package deal ·

(0)

GMS 6510 Bundled Exams Questions and Answers Latest Versions (Complete, Accurate, and Verified)
$13.48
  • (0)
Add to cart
Added