Exam (elaborations)
ATI RN Nutrition Exam Questions and Correct Explained Answers
- Course
- ATI RN NUTRITION
- Institution
- Johns Hopkins University
ATI RN Nutrition Exam Questions and Correct Explained Answers
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ATI RN Nutrition Exam Questions andCorrect Explained Answers 2024-2025
A nurse is teaching the family of a school-age child who is obese about
complications of childhood obesity. Which of the following complications should
the nurse include in the teaching?
A. Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.
B. Type 1 diabetes mellitus.
C. Hypothyroidism.
D. Hypertension.
RATIONALE
Choice A rationale:
Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis is not typically associated with complications of childhood obesity.
Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disorder affecting the joints, and while obesity
can contribute to joint stress, it's not a commonly taught complication of obesity.
Choice B rationale:
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is not directly related to childhood obesity. Type 1 diabetes is an
autoimmune condition where the body's immune system attacks and destroys insulin-producing
cells in the pancreas. Obesity is more commonly associated with type 2 diabetes, as it can lead to
insulin resistance over time.
Choice C rationale:
Hypothyroidism is not a well-established complication of childhood obesity. Hypothyroidism is
a condition where the thyroid gland doesn't produce enough thyroid hormone, leading to a
slowed metabolism. While obesity can be influenced by thyroid function, it's not a primary
complication taught in relation to childhood obesity.
Choice D rationale:
Hypertension is a well-recognized complication of childhood obesity. When a child is obese, the
excess adipose tissue can lead to an increase in blood pressure due to increased work that the
heart must perform to supply blood to the additional tissues. This can strain the cardiovascular
system and potentially lead to hypertension, which is a major risk factor for heart disease and
stroke. Childhood obesity can set the stage for long-term cardiovascular issues, making
hypertension a key concern.
A nurse is initiating continuous enteral feedings for a client who has a new
gastrostomy tube. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
A. Obtain the client's electrolyte levels every 4 hr.
B. Measure the client's gastric residual every 12 hr.
C. Keep the client's head elevated at 15 during feedings.
D. Flush the client's tube with 30 mL of water every 4 hr.
RATIONALE
,Choice A rationale:
Obtaining the client's electrolyte levels every 4 hours is not standard practice when initiating
continuous enteral feedings via a gastrostomy tube. While monitoring electrolytes is important,
it's not done at such a high frequency unless there's a specific indication or concern.
Choice B rationale:
Measuring the client's gastric residual every 12 hours is a crucial action when initiating
continuous enteral feedings. Gastric residual volume helps to assess the client's tolerance to the
feeding, the rate of digestion and absorption, and the risk of aspiration. If the residual volume is
too high, it could indicate feeding intolerance or delayed gastric emptying.
Choice Crationale:
Keeping the client's head elevated at 15 degrees during feedings is not standard practice for
continuous enteral feedings. This angle could potentially promote reflux and increase the risk of
aspiration. Instead, the head of the bed is usually elevated at least 30 degrees to help prevent
reflux and aspiration.
Choice Drationale:
Flushing the client's tube with 30 mL of water every 4 hours is not a standard practice for
continuous enteral feedings. Flushing the tube helps maintain its patency, but it's usually done
before and after medication administration or as needed to prevent clogs, not on such a frequent
schedule.
A nurse is assessing a client who is recovering from a stroke. Which of the
following findings is a manifestation of dysphagia?
A. Hoarse voice.
B. Weight gain.
C. Expressive aphasia.
D. Continuous smiling.
RATIONALE
Choice A rationale:
A hoarse voice is a manifestation of dysphagia, which is difficulty swallowing. Dysphagia can
occur after a stroke due to weakness or paralysis of the muscles involved in swallowing. It can
lead to problems like aspiration, where food or liquid enters the airway instead of the digestive
tract, causing coughing, choking, and changes in the voice.
Choice B rationale:
Weight gain is not typically associated with dysphagia. Dysphagia tends to lead to weight loss
rather than weight gain, as individuals may avoid eating due to the discomfort and difficulty
associated with swallowing.
Choice C rationale:
Expressive aphasia is not directly related to dysphagia. Expressive aphasia is a language
disorder that impairs a person's ability to produce language. It's caused by damage to specific
areas of the brain, often not directly linked to swallowing difficulties.
Choice D rationale:
Continuous smiling is not a typical manifestation of dysphagia. Dysphagia is related to
difficulties in swallowing and does not typically manifest as continuous smiling. It's more likely
to cause distress, discomfort, and changes in vocal quality.
,A nurse is providing discharge teaching to the mother of a newborn about
breastfeeding. Which of the following statements by the client does not indicate an
understanding of the teaching?
A. "I will dilute juice with 50 percent water to supplement between feedings."
B. "I will begin and end with the same breast when I feed my baby."
C. "I should feed my baby on demand at least eight times each day."
D. "I should use pumped breast milk within 72 hours of refrigeration."
RATIONALE
Choice A rationale:
Diluting juice with 50 percent water to supplement between feedings is not recommended for
newborns. Newborns should primarily be receiving breast milk or formula to ensure proper
nutrition. Offering diluted juice can lead to inadequate intake of essential nutrients and
unnecessary exposure to sugar. It's important for the newborn's diet to be appropriate for their
stage of development.
Choice B rationale:
Beginning and ending with the same breast during feeding sessions promotes effective
breastfeeding and adequate milk supply. This approach ensures that the baby receives both the
foremilk (low-fat milk that comes at the beginning of a feeding) and hindmilk (higher-fat milk
that comes later in a feeding), which is important for proper nutrition and growth. This choice
demonstrates an understanding of the principles of breastfeeding.
Choice C rationale:
Feeding the baby on demand at least eight times each day is a suitable recommendation.
Newborns have small stomachs and need frequent feedings to meet their nutritional needs and
support healthy growth. Feeding on demand helps establish a good milk supply and ensures that
the baby gets enough milk to thrive.
Choice D rationale:
Using pumped breast milk within 72 hours of refrigeration is a correct statement. Breast milk
can be refrigerated for a limited time while maintaining its nutritional quality. Using pumped
milk within 72 hours helps minimize the risk of bacterial growth and ensures that the baby
receives milk that's still rich in nutrients and antibodies.
A nurse is providing teaching to the parent of a newborn who has
gastroesophageal reflux. Which of the following instructions should the nurse
include?
A. "Dilute formula with 1 tablespoon of water."
B. "Place the newborn in a side-lying position if vomiting."
C. "Provide a small feeding just before bedtime."
D. "Position the newborn at a 20-degree angle after feeding."
RATIONALE
Choice A rationale:
Diluting formula with water is not a recommended practice. Formula should be prepared
according to the manufacturer's instructions to provide the appropriate balance of nutrients for
the newborn. Diluting formula can lead to inadequate nutrition and potential health risks.
Choice B rationale:
Placing the newborn in a side-lying position if vomiting is not advised. Gastroesophageal reflux
, refers to the backward flow of stomach contents into the esophagus. Placing the newborn in a
side-lying position can increase the risk of choking if vomiting occurs. Keeping the baby upright
for some time after feeding helps reduce reflux episodes.
Choice C rationale:
Providing a small feeding just before bedtime can exacerbate gastroesophageal reflux. It's
recommended to avoid feeding the baby right before bedtime to prevent reflux-related
discomfort during sleep. Elevating the head of the crib slightly can also help minimize reflux
symptoms.
Choice D rationale:
Positioning the newborn at a 20-degree angle after feeding is a suitable instruction. This
position helps prevent or reduce gastroesophageal reflux by allowing gravity to assist in keeping
stomach contents down. It's important to hold the baby in an upright position for about 20 to 30
minutes after feeding to facilitate digestion and minimize reflux episodes.
A nurse is teaching a group of clients about foods containing protein. Which of the
following foods should the nurse include in the teaching as a complete protein?
A. Gelatin.
B. Cashews.
C. Black-eyed peas.
D. Soy milk.
RATIONALE
Choice A rationale:
Gelatin is not a complete protein source. Gelatin is derived from animal collagen and lacks
several essential amino acids, making it an incomplete protein. It is not suitable as a primary
protein source in the diet.
Choice B rationale:
Cashews are not a complete protein source. While cashews contain protein, they do not provide
all the essential amino acids in sufficient amounts to be considered a complete protein.
Complementing them with other protein sources can help achieve a balanced amino acid profile.
Choice C rationale:
Black-eyed peas are not a complete protein source on their own. While they contain protein,
they are lacking in certain essential amino acids. To create a complete protein, black-eyed peas
should be combined with other complementary protein sources in the diet.
Choice D rationale:
Soy milk is a complete protein source. It contains all the essential amino acids in adequate
amounts, making it comparable to animal-based proteins. Soy milk is a suitable option for
individuals looking for plant-based protein alternatives or those with dietary restrictions.
A nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of a client who has bulimia nervosa.
The nurse should notify the provider of which of the following results?
A. WBC 5.200/mm3.
B. Hgb 14 g/dL.
C. Potassium 3.2 mEq/L.
D. Magnesium 1.6 mEq/L.
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