Teratogens - -Substances that cause developmental abnormalities
-Drugs that can cause damage the fetus
iron - -Prevent maternal ___ deficiency anemia - not to supply the fetus. (reverses
anemia in pregnant women)
-Adverse reactions:
Nausea, vomiting, constipation, black tarry stools, diarrhea, epigastric pain, urine
discoloration
-Best absorbed on an empty stomach
folic acid - -Reduce birth defects, notably neural tube defects (spinal bifida is common).
EX: green leafy vegies, strawberries, oranges, rice, pasta
-start before pregnancy
-Adverse reactions:
Bronchospasm, flushing, rash, pruritus, erythema, malaise, dark yellow urine.
multi-vitamins - A, B-complex, B-12, C, calcium, D, E, iron, minerals -
-Follow RDA guidelines.
-Large doses of vitamins and minerals above the recommended amounts do not
improve health and may cause harm to the pregnant patient and fetus. Some vitamins
and minerals can be teratogenic or toxic when taken in large amounts.
26
pregnancy - Common client cues through week ___ of ____:
•Headache
•Sinus congestion
•Eye strain
•Back aches,
•Joint pain
•Round ligament pain
Acetaminophen
3000
NSAIDs - Pharmacologic pregnancy management
•___ only!
•(weak prostaglandin inhibitor) - safe use throughout pregnancy
•Max dose ____ mg/24 hours (4000mg/24 hours nonpregnant)
•ASA and ___ not recommended!
, hyperemesis gravidarum - severe nausea and vomiting that may require hospitalization
for hydration and nutrition—occurs with a much lower incidence
pyridoxine hydrochloride and doxylamine succinate - drugs used for morning sickness in
pregnant women (2)
pyrosis - is a burning sensation in the epigastric and sternal regions related to reflux of
acidic stomach contents. Approximately 80% of pregnant patients are affected with this.
Antacids - ___ should be considered first-line therapy if the patient does not respond to
nonpharmacologic therapy for pyrosis. The ___ of choice for the pregnant patient
include nonsystemic low-sodium products (those considered dietetically sodium free)
that contain aluminum and magnesium (in the form of hydroxide) in combination.
preterm labor - -cervical changes and uterine contractions that occur between 20 and
37 weeks of pregnancy.
-Will give tocolytics to keep fetus inside and stop contractions.
Preterm Labor (PTL) Risk Factors - -Maternal age less than 18 years or greater than 40
years old = higher risk pregnancies
-Low socioeconomic status
-Previous history of PTL "preterm labor" (17-37% greater chance)
-Intrauterine infections
-Polyhydraminos -
Excessive accumulation of amniotic fluid. (too much fluid around fetus)
-Multiple gestation
vUterine abnormalities
-Antepartum (before birth) hemorrhage
-Smoking
-Drug use
-UTI
-Incompetent cervix (tissue integrity is thinner than normal = more likely to dilate earlier)
Tocolytic therapy - -Drug therapy used to decrease uterine contractions.
-All meds used for this reason are not FDA approved and are used "off label."
Beta 2 sympathomimetic (tocolytic) - -Terbutaline (normal use in asthma, etc. to
broncho dilate)
-Based on class - Predict side effects
-Use: 48-72 hours
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