SPCE 630 Practice Exam 1 with 100- correct answers

_____________________ helps us to suggest a hypothesis or research question and scientists systematically observe a particular phenomenon and accurately describe their observation. Description Which level of scientific understanding refers to reliable change produced by change in the independent variable? Control Which level of scientific understanding refers to observing the correlation between two variables? Prediction Single case research design differs from group design in that the participants serve as their own ______________ control group _______________________ are: -a primary source -authors conducted an original study -report data Research papers Research papers include: Abstract intro methods results discussion _____________________ are: -secondary sources -summary of findings of other researchers -useful for understanding topics review articles _______________ are: -similar to review articles -looks at existing research, but with statistical analysis combining results of many different research articles. meta-analysis Articles in which researchers report the findings of original research are: primary research Articles in which the authors summarize the findings of other researchers are: review articles Variables manipulated by researchers are known as: independent variables ____________ refers to the exclusive focus on the behavior of the individual or case. and is used in single subject research designs. Idiographic ________________ refers to the focus on many cases to find generalizable laws and is used in group research designs. Nomothetic Well-designed applied research studies should: Include systematic study of behaviors in typical environments. The committee responsible for examining proposed studies to ensure human participant safety and ethical compliance is the: Institutional Review Board Respect for persons, beneficence and justice are ethical principles outlined in the _____________________. Belmont Report The same level of risk a participant would encounter in daily life is ______________________. minimal risk ___________________ refers to maximizing potential benefits while minimizing potential harm. Beneficence Articulating what is known/unknown about a topic, improving plans for future studies and building a foundation and rationale for a study are all ________________________. functions of a literature review The _______________ section of a research article provides a detailed operation description of how the study was conducted. methods The relevance of a study's data is outlined in the ___________________. Discussion _____________________ recording provides a sample of behavior and an estimate of the occurrences. discontinuous When using ___________________________ occurences of the behavior are recorded if they happen at the end of the interval. Momentary time sampling. Observer bias, error, and observer drift are all examples of low _________. IOA _______________ tends to underestimate behavior occurences. Whole interval recording _______________________- refers to whether or not the measurement procedures accurately reflect the target behavior being measured. construct validity Reliablility and validity ______________________. are not the same concept _____________________________ Is calculated when researchers only look at intervals either or both observers did not observe the target behavior. Unscored-interval IOA ____________________ refers to whether the intervention was conducted as intended. treatment integrity __________________________ is the extent to which experimenters trained implementeres as planned. implementation fidelity ____________________ refers to the degree to which procedures of all experimental conditions are implemented as intended. procedural fidelity Summative analysis of treatement procedureal fidelity increases _________________. internal validity